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Nursing 102 > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

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1
Q

Essential female organ

A

Ovaries

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2
Q

Female reproductive organs

Internal

A 
Fallopian tubes
Fimbriae
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Cul-de-sac- extension of peritoneum that dips down behind the uterus and in front of the rectum.
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3
Q

Female reproductive organs

External

A

Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Skenes glands/ducts- secretes mucus on either side of the urethra
Bartholin’s glands- secretes mucus on either side of the vaginal opening
Vestibule- contains everything enclosed in the labia minora
Fourchette- folds of mucous membranes at posterior opening of vagina. Connects posterior labia minora.

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4
Q

Essential male organ

A

Testes

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5
Q

Male reproductive organs

External

A

Scrotum- contains testes, epididymis, and spermatic cord

Penis- glans (end of penis), corpus cavernosum, and the corpus spongiosum

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6
Q

Male reproductive organs

Internal

A

Testes- produces sperm (in the seminiferous tubules) and testosterone
Epididymus- store sperm until mature
Ductus deferens- goes from epididymus into the ejaculatory duct
Spermatic cord- connection from inside to outside of the body. Houses the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Seminal vesicles- combines with vas deferens to create the ejaculatory duct. Secretes semen fluid
Ejaculatory duct- ejects sperm
Prostate gland- secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize the acidity of vagina
Cower’s gland- secretes alkaline fluid in semen
Urethra- passageway of semen and urine

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7
Q

Important history questions

A 
Mumps or rubella 
Diabetes
Cardiovascular issues
Spinal cord injury
Thyroid issues
Genitourinary problems
COPD
Birth control pills
Liver problems, choleycystitis
Use of alcohol, cigarettes, caffeine and other drugs
Period history- how long, when start, etc.
Pregnancy history
Sexual history
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8
Q

What principles facilitate the nurse and client during a sexual history interview?

A

Self-awareness
Trust
Maintain confidentiality and privacy
Less sensitive to more sensitive areas

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9
Q

Components of male physical exam

A

Asses: abdomen, external genitalia
Lesions, scars, circumcised or not
Palpation: bladder, testes, inguinal area
Testicular self exam: monthly, scrotum warm, both hands to palpate scrotum, testes and epididymus

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10
Q

Components of female physical exam

A

Palpation: breast tissue, abdomen, external genetalia, hair distribution
Pelvic exam: done by MD

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11
Q

Male diagnostic studies

A

PSA: prostate specific antigen
Syphilis studies: nontreponemal are nonspecific test and treponemal tests are syphilis specific antibodies
Cultures: urethral discharge, obtain prior to voiding
Cystoscopy: view bladder with a lighted scope
CT scan/MRI: soft tissue images looking for masses
Ultrasound: transrectal- looking for prostate abnormalities
Semen analysis: for sterility work up
Prostatic smear: massage prostate, collect drainage, make slide, observe
Needle biopsy: transrectal exam for masses, not testicular because of seeding
Transrectal biopsy: done with US and needle biopsy for prostate

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12
Q

Female diagnostic studies

A

Urine studies: pregnancy, hormones (estrogen and progesterone and HCG
Serum testing hormones: estrogen and progesterone timed with menstrual cycle. Prolactin, and serum HCG
Syphilis: treponemal and nontreponemal
Cultures: wet mount- vaginal discharge or drainage. Vaginal or cervical culture: look to see if anything will grow- yeast gonorrhea or chlamydia
Cytological studies: Pap test- cells from cervix
Radiological studies: mammogram, US to distinguish fluid filled or solid masses

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13
Q

Female operative procedures

A

Breast biopsy
Colposcopy: visualizing the cervix
Culdoscopy: look at uterus, cervix, and tubes
Conization: cone shaped portion of cervix is removed. Shows how extensive cervical cancer is
Laparoscopy: laparoscopic procedure to look at the organs on the outside
Dilation and curettage: dilate cervix and scrape the endometrial lining. Done for histology in women with abnormal bleeding
Endometrial ablation: removal of overgrown uterine lining. Done for women with DUB without good response to medical management

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14
Q

Female fertility studies

A

Endometrial biopsy: done for women with postmenstrual bleeding. Done to look for uterine cancer. For fertility, check the growth of endometrial lining at different times in the cycle, and how uterus is responding to hormones
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): looks for blockages in the Fallopian tubes
LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure): done to remove cervical tissue with an electrical current

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15
Q

Female biopsies

A 
Punch biopsy: small tissue samples taken from cervix, done with a colposcopy
Endocervical curettage(ECC): scrapping of cells from inside cervical canal.
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16
Q

Psychological aspects

A

Establish trust
Be nonjudgmental
Self awareness
Make appropriate referrals

17
Q

Congenital Conditions of the penis

A

Epispadias: urethra located on the dorsal(top) side of the penis
Hypospadias: urethra located on ventral(bottom) side of the penis

18
Q

Acquired conditions of the penis

A

Phimosis: constriction of foreskin (can’t be retracted) due to poor hygiene, edema, inflammation, chronic irritation
Paraqphimosis: edema of retracted foreskin, because of edema we can’t pull the foreskin back over the glans, due to catheter, prolonged retraction
Posthitis: inflammation of foreskin. Teach good hygiene, abx, circumcision if needed
Balanitis: inflammation of the glans penis. Teach good hygiene, abx, circumcision if needed
Cancer of the penis: rare, occurs mostly in uncircumcised men,due to poor hygiene, partial or total penectomy
Penile ulcerations: benign skin lesions, scabies, STDs with lesions, can all cause lesions to form on the penis. Any type of ulceration needs treatment
Priapism: uncontrolled long maintained erection. Occurs with no sexual desire. Urological emergency due to urinary retention. Treatment is Demerol, prostatic massage, or aspiration.

19
Q

What is a common treatment modality for scrotal abnormalities?

A

Antibiotics, scrotal elevation, and scrotal support. Pain medications and ice

20
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of testicular torsion?

A 
Pain that radiates to groin
Testicular tenderness
Nausea/vomiting
Edema
Redness
No cremasteric reflex
21
Q

What age group is testicular cancer frequently found?

A

15-35 year olds

22
Q

What important patient teaching should me addressed with testicular cancer?

A

Testicular self exam

23
Q

What are the causes of erectile dysfunction?

A

Organic causes: gradual deterioration of function, decrease in firmness, decrease in frequency, htn, dm, antihypertensive meds, smoothing, etoh, prostatectomy, neurological reasons
Functional causes: psychological, stress, emotional, erections can still occur at night

24
Q

How is erectile dysfunction treated?

A

Medications: PDE-5 inhibitors relax the smooth muscles in the corpus cavernosum and allow increased blood flow, once erection has occurred, the veins are compressed to maintain the erection
Vacuum constriction device: external device that you pump up, penis enlarges, ring is placed at the base of the penis. This can impair blood flow.
Penile injections/ suppositories: transurethral suppository increases blood flow to the penis, erection comes in 10 minutes, and lasts an hour. Injections are into the corpus cavernosum to increase blood flow.
Penile implants: either semirigid or an internal pump

25
Q 
Postmenstrual syndrome (PMS) 
S/Sx, Dx, Tx
A

S/Sx: mood swings, food cravings (sugars and salt), bloating, edema, headaches, weight gain, breast tenderness, depression, anxiety, and irritability.
Dx: detailed history, timing of symptoms, signs and symptoms for three consecutive periods.
Tx: nutrition (high protein and complex carbs, decrease what is being craved), exercise, b6 supplements, diuretics for edema, prostaglandin inhibitors (ibuprofen), selective serotonin reputable inhibitors (Zoloft)

26
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Primary: higher level of prostaglandins, no pathology, pain starts a few years after menarch, about 20 years old, symptoms get better as you get older
Secondary: medical reasons are fibroids, PID, endometriosis, 30-40 year olds, will occur after many years if no problems with periods, and can last 3 days

27
Q

Menstrual irregularities

A

Amenorrhea: failure to menstruate before 16, or cessation of menses for six months or more after they have become established
Menorrhagia: excessive bleeding with increased duration (>7 days) and or the amount of bleeding (>80ml)
Metrorrhagia: intramenstrual bleeding, bleeding between periods
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB): abnormal bleeding in duration or amount or regularity

28
Q

What is the difference between menopause and climacteric?

A

Menopause is the physiological cessation of menses associated with failed ovary.
Climacteric is when the estrogen levels start to decrease and you move from reproductive to nonreproductive.

29
Q

Menopause

S/Sx, Dx, Tx, and teaching

A

S/Sx: dyspareunia (painful intercourse), vaginal dryness, itching, and burning, irregular vaginal bleeding, weight gain, hot flashes, insomnia, osteoporosis, numbness and tingling, and joint pain. Anxiety, depression, mood swings, fatigue, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating.
Dx: low estrogen levels, FSH and LH high
Tx: estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy (prempro), cranberry juice, yogurt, vitamin b6 and e, kegel exercises, calcium supplements, layer clothing, soy products

30
Q

Types of vaginitis

A

Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Nonspecific vaginitis

31
Q

Candidiasis

A

Cause: Candida albicans
S/Sx: pruritus, thick, white, curdy, odorous discharge (cottage cheese), bright red and swollen vagina and vulva.
Tx: monistat, mycostatin vaginal suppositories these are local. Diflucan po is an anti fungal med

32
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Cause: trichomonas vaginalis
S/Sx: profuse thin frothy green or gray malodorous discharge, pruritus, excoriation of vulva, looks like strawberry spots (small hemorrhagic spots on cervix and vaginal walls)
Tx: flagyl or clindamycin po
Treat sexual partner

33
Q

Nonspecific vaginitis

A

Cause: gardnerella vaginalis
S/Sx: thin foul smelling grayish white discharge, fishy odor, no pruritus or burning
Tx: flagyl or clindamycin po
Treat sexual partner

34
Q

GYN inflammations

A

Cervicitis
Vulvitis
Bartholinitis

Nursing 102 (1 decks)

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