Reproductive

Question 1

Gene responsible for patterning along the anteroposterior axis and CNS development.

Answer 1

Sonic hedgehog gene

Question 2

Mutations of sonic hedgehog lead to ______.

Answer 2

Holoprosencephaly

Question 3

Gene responsible for proper organization along the dorsal-ventral axis.

Answer 3

Wnt-7 gene

Question 4

Gene that stimulates the mitosis of the mesoderm and allows for lengthening of the limbs.

Answer 4

FGF gene

Question 5

Gene involved in segmental organization in the craniocaudal direction.

Answer 5

Homeobox (Hox) genes

Question 6

Mutations of the Hox genes lead to ___________.

Answer 6

Appendages in the wrong locations

Question 7

After conception, when does secretion of hCG hormone begin?

Answer 7

Around time of implantation, 6-10 days.

Question 8

In a developing fetus, when does the neural tube form?

Answer 8

Weeks 3-4

Question 9

In a developing fetus, when do limb buds begin to form?

Answer 9

Week 4

Question 10

In a developing fetus, when does the genitalia begin to take on male or female characteristics?

Answer 10

Week 10

Question 11

What effect can ACE inhibitors have on a developing fetus?

Answer 11

Renal damage

Question 12

What effect can aminoglycosides have on a developing fetus?

Answer 12

Ototoxicity

Question 13

What effects can antiepileptic drugs have on a developing fetus?

Answer 13

NTDs, cardiac defects, cleft palate, skeletal abnormalities

Question 14

What effect can lithium have on a developing fetus?

Answer 14

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of the tricuspid valve)

Question 15

What effect can methimazole have on a developing fetus?

Answer 15

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 16

What effects can tetracyclyines have on a developing fetus?

Answer 16

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

Question 17

What effect can thalidomide have on a developing fetus?

Answer 17

Limb defects

Question 18

What effects can warfarin have on a developing fetus?

Answer 18

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Question 19

What are the congenital abnormalities associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 19

Developmental retardation, microcephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, heart defects.

Question 20

What is the mechanism responsible for the congenital abnormalities seen in fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 20

Failure of cell migration.