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Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Reproduction Function

A

Production of Gonads, Sex Hormone Production, Transfer and Reception of sperm to egg, Nurturing Fetus Development

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2
Q

Gametes

A

Spermatoza and Ova

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3
Q

Female Organ Groups

A

Primary: Ovaries
Secondary: Uterine Tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Vestibular Glands, Breasts, and Vulva

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4
Q

Female Reproductive Organ Placement

A

In Pelvic Cavity between Rectum and Bladder
Broad ligament: attached to both sides of uterus, spreads to attach to tubes and ovaries

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5
Q

Ovaries/Oogenesis

A

Surrounded by single layer epithelium, follicles with oocyte below
Primordial and Primary Follciles

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6
Q

Primordial Follicle

A

A primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells AT BIRTH

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7
Q

Primary Follicle

A

Oocyte in enlarged granulosa, AT PUBERTY

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8
Q

Ovulation Egg Change

A

28 day cycle of hormones causes turns primary to secondary Follicles
Then turns into Mature follicle with Antrum

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9
Q

Ovulation

A

Mature follicle expands and ruptured releasing fluid and oocytes

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10
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Ruptured follicle releases hormones
A temporary gland that forms after ovulation
Thickens uterine lining

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11
Q

Ovary Hormones

A

Estrogen: released from granulosa cells, mature F, and corpus luteum
Progesterone: released by corpus Luteum

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12
Q

Estrogen Function

A

Secondary Sex Characteristics
Maturation of reproductive organs
Menstrual Cycle Regulation

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13
Q

Progesterone Function

A

Thickens and maintains endometrium

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14
Q

Uterine Tubes/ Oviducts

A

2 small muscular tubes from ovaries to uterus
Receive oocyte after ovulation
Fimbrae, cilia, move oocyte along to uterus
Site of Fertilization

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15
Q

Fimbrae

A

Feather like ends of fallopian tubes sweep around ovary

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16
Q

Uterus Functions

A

Provides protection, nutrition, and waste removal for Fetus

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17
Q

Uterus Anatomy

A

Fundus, Body, and Cervix
3 tissue layers:
1. Perimetrium (outer serous)
2. Myometrium (Thick, S., Muscle)
3. Endometrium (Mucous membrane)

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18
Q

Cervix

A

Closes off uterus
Lined with mucus membrane

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19
Q

Vagina

A

Extends from cervix to outside body
Stratified squamous epithelial lining
Rugae, Hymen, Vestibular Glands

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20
Q

Hymen

A

Fold of epithelium covering vaginal entrance

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21
Q

Vestibular Glands

A

Superior and Lateral to vaginal openings
Secretes mucus during sexual arousal

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22
Q

Vulva/ External Genetalia

A

Vestibule, Labia minora and majora, clitoris, mons pubis, perineum

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23
Q

Vestible

A

Space where vaginal and urethral opening end

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24
Q

Labia Minora

A

Inner folds surrounding vestible

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25
Q

Clitoris

A

Anterior vestible, contains erectile tissue and nerve endings

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26
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Covers pelvic symphysis bone

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27
Q

Labia Majora

A

Outer tissue created by folds of adipose, extra padding and protection

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28
Q

Perineum

A

Between vagina and anus

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29
Q

Breasts

A

Nipple, areola, mammary glands, lactiferous duct

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30
Q

Nipple

A

Smooth muscle that is erect when nursing

31
Q

Areola

A

Outer nipple releasing oils when nursing

32
Q

Mammary Glands

A

Branching lobules that end in alveoli that produce milk

33
Q

Lactiferous Duct

A

Each lobule has a duct that carries mammary milk to nipple surface

34
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

Cyclical changes in uterus and ovaries beginning at puberty
Menstrual, Follicular, Ovulation, Luteal

35
Q

Follicular/Proliferative Phase

A

7-13
Release of FSH stimulates secondary follicles to mature in ovary
Follicle releases estrogen:
Endometrium thickens, uterus prepares for egg fertilization

36
Q

Estrogen Release causes… (In Follicular)

A

Endometrium to thicken, and uterus to prepare for implanting of egg
Stops release of FSH
Stimulates release of LH

37
Q

Ovulation Phase

A

Day 14
Increasing estrogen, sharp rise in LH, stimulates follicle to rupture
Oocyte is discharged into fallopian
Ruptured follicle becomes corpus Luteum

38
Q

Luteal/Secretory Phase

A

15-28 until menstruation begins
Egg travels fallopian tube to uterus
Estrogen and progesterone released by corpus (thickens endometrium and inhibits FSH and LH)

39
Q

Menstrual Phase

A

1-7, Occurs if no fertilization
Corpus Luteum degenerates, hormones stop getting released
Endometrium degenerates and FSH is released

40
Q

Menopause

A

One year without period
The end of follicle growth, ovulation, and less hormone production
Symptoms are individualized

41
Q

Male Reproductive Organs

A

Primary: Testes
Secondary: epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, prostate, scrotum, penis

42
Q

Testes

A

The male gonads suspended in scrotum by spermatic chord
Tunica Albuginea
Seminiferous Tubules
Interstitial Cells

43
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A

Tough, outer, connective tissue layer
Folded into lobules that hold tubules

44
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

Hollow tubes that produce sperm surrounded by tunica

45
Q

Interstitial Cells

A

Found between seminiferous tubules.
Produce testosterone

46
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

FSH stimulates spermatogenesis by cells in seminiferous tubules, meiosis 1, primary spermatocyte, meiosis 2, spermatid matures into spermatozoa

47
Q

Sertoli Cells

A

Provide nourishment to developing spermatozoa

48
Q

Spermatozoa

A

The male gamete designed to perpetuate the species
Acrosome, Head, Midpiece, and Flagellum

49
Q

Acrosome

A

Contains enzymes to penetrate egg surface. Tip of the head

50
Q

Head

A

Contains the nucleus with 23 chromosomes

51
Q

Mid piece

A

Contains mitochondria for ATP production

52
Q

Flagellum

A

End that propels sperm forward

53
Q

Testosterone Production

A

LH released, stimulates interstitial cells in testes to produce testosterone

54
Q

Testosterone Effects

A

Enlargement of male genitalia, and male reproductive duct system
Secondary Sex Characteristics: hair growth, voice deepens, muscle, coarser skin

55
Q

Reproductive Ducts

A

Epididymus, Vans Deferens, Ejaculatory Duct, Urethra

56
Q

Epididymus

A

Connects to seminiferous tubules
Sperm mature here for a few days then become motile

57
Q

Vans Deferens

A

Carries sperm from Epididymus

58
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

Seminal vesicle joins vas Deferens and moves through prostate to Urethra

59
Q

Urethra

A

Carries semen and urine
Internal urethra sphincter blocks bladder

60
Q

Semen

A

A mixture of sperm and fluid from accessory glands to help sperm survive the trip to the egg

61
Q

Semen Functions

A

Nourish sperm, transport sperm, prostaglandins, neutralizes acidity between genitalia, lubricant, prevents bacterial infection (contains antibacterial enzymes and antibodies)

62
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Stimulates muscle contraction in females to take in sperm

63
Q

Male Accessory Glands

A

Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland

64
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

Sugar and nutrients, enzymes and prostaglandins are provided to sperm

65
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Alkaline secretion (pH)
Aids sperm mobility

66
Q

Bulbourethral Gland

A

Provides mucus cleans and lubes urethra

67
Q

External Genetalia

A

Scrotum: Holds testes
Penis
Prepuce/Foreskin

68
Q

Penis

A

Spongy erectile tissue that is engorged with blood:
corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

69
Q

Prepuce/Foreskin

A

Loose end of skin that covers the glans

70
Q

Glans

A

End of penis

71
Q

Hormone Control

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH to stimulate anterior, releasing FSH or LH

72
Q

Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

A tropic hormone released by hypothalamus to stimulate anterior pituitary to release LH or FSH

73
Q

FSH

A

Stimulates production of spermatozoa
Releases when a lack of Estrogen

74
Q

LH

A

Stimulates production of testosterone in interstitial cells

Reproductive System (1 decks)

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