Reproduction Unit Flashcards
gonads
organs that produce gametes. they’re ovaries in females and testes in males.
primary sex characteristics
body structures that are specific to gender. Ovaries in females and Testes in males.
secondary sex charactericstics
appear at puberty. growth of pubic hair for both males and females, voice deepening in males and breast growth + hips widen
sperm cells
male reproductive gametes produced in testes. are built with a head, body and tail.
testes
male gonads, male sex hormones and sperm are produced here.
scrotum
the sac that holds the testes.
seminiferous tubule
coiled ducts found in the testes where immature sperm cells divide +differentiate into mature sperm cells.
sertoli cells
cells that provide metabolism and mechanical support to developing sperm cells.
epidiymis
structure found along the posterior wall of the testes consisting of coiled ducts that store sperm.
vas deferens
tube that conducts sperm toward the urethra
ejaculatory duct
tube formed at the union of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts and opening into the urethra.
seminal vessicles
structure that contributes to the seminal fluid. secretes fructose and protaglandins.
prostate glands
contributes buffers that provide protection to the sperm cells entering the acidic environment of the vagina.
cowper’s gland
structure that contributes a mucus-rich fluid to the seminal fluid.
semen
the transport medium for sperm to fertilize eggs.
ovaries
produce and store eggs and make hormones.
ova
egg cell.
follicle
structure in the ovary that contains the oocyte.
ovulation
release of the secondary oocyte from the follicle held within the ovary.
fimbrae
finger-like production at the end of a Fallopian Tube.
Fallopian Tube
1 of the 2 tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus.
uterus
hollow, pear-shaped organ located between the bladder and anus.
endometrium
the glandular inner lining of the uterus.
cervix
a muscular band separating the vagina and uterus. designed to hold the fetus in place.
vagina
connects the uterus to the outer enviroment.
menstration
the shedding of the endometrium 1. Flow Phase 2. Follicular Phase 3. Ovulation 4. Lucteal Phase
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
infections passed from people to people. ex chlamydia
HPV
in men it can cause cancer of the penis and in males it can cause cervical cancer.
GnRH
stimulates LH &FSH secretion in Pituitary
LH
stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.
testosterone
responsible for secondary sex characteristics and is essential in sperm production
andropause
age in men when sperm production is reduced
corpus luteum
immature follicles. secretes progesterone and estrogen. develops the endometrium.
follicular phase
FSH stimulates follicle production and secretes estrogen.
Lucteal Phase
corpus luteum develops, secretes estrogen and progesterone, build up of hormones and causes a negative feedback loop to inhibit FSH and LH, low levels of FSH & LH signal menstruation.
flow phase
shedding of endometrium, 1st phase and its visible. lasts approximately 5 days
fertlization
fusing of egg and sperm forming a zygote, called conception
zygote
diploid cell of a fused egg and sperm
cleavage
series of mitotic divisions where the cytoplasm is broken into smaller cells.
blastocyte
6-10 days, rapidly dividing ball of cells.
implantation
the embryo attaches to the uterus.
partuition
birth
HCG
hormone produced by placenta after implantation, detected by pregnancy tests.
gastrulation
phase where germ layers form. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
differentiation
cells become specialized. ex stem cell
allantois
sac-like structure on the posterior of the embryo
amnion
extraembryonic membrane forming around the embryo. innermost layer.
chorion
outermost layer of the embryo, contains mesoderm
yolk sac
provides nutrition and gas exchange between mother and child
placenta
organ that develops during pregnancy, provides oxygen and nutrients
umbilical cord
bundle of nerves/ narrow cord that connects an embryo with the placenta
