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Biology Reproduction > Reproduction Unit > Flashcards

Reproduction Unit Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gonads

A

organs that produce gametes. they’re ovaries in females and testes in males.

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2
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

body structures that are specific to gender. Ovaries in females and Testes in males.

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3
Q

secondary sex charactericstics

A

appear at puberty. growth of pubic hair for both males and females, voice deepening in males and breast growth + hips widen

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4
Q

sperm cells

A

male reproductive gametes produced in testes. are built with a head, body and tail.

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5
Q

testes

A

male gonads, male sex hormones and sperm are produced here.

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6
Q

scrotum

A

the sac that holds the testes.

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7
Q

seminiferous tubule

A

coiled ducts found in the testes where immature sperm cells divide +differentiate into mature sperm cells.

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8
Q

sertoli cells

A

cells that provide metabolism and mechanical support to developing sperm cells.

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9
Q

epidiymis

A

structure found along the posterior wall of the testes consisting of coiled ducts that store sperm.

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10
Q

vas deferens

A

tube that conducts sperm toward the urethra

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11
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

tube formed at the union of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts and opening into the urethra.

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12
Q

seminal vessicles

A

structure that contributes to the seminal fluid. secretes fructose and protaglandins.

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13
Q

prostate glands

A

contributes buffers that provide protection to the sperm cells entering the acidic environment of the vagina.

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14
Q

cowper’s gland

A

structure that contributes a mucus-rich fluid to the seminal fluid.

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15
Q

semen

A

the transport medium for sperm to fertilize eggs.

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16
Q

ovaries

A

produce and store eggs and make hormones.

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17
Q

ova

A

egg cell.

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18
Q

follicle

A

structure in the ovary that contains the oocyte.

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19
Q

ovulation

A

release of the secondary oocyte from the follicle held within the ovary.

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20
Q

fimbrae

A

finger-like production at the end of a Fallopian Tube.

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21
Q

Fallopian Tube

A

1 of the 2 tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus.

22
Q

uterus

A

hollow, pear-shaped organ located between the bladder and anus.

23
Q

endometrium

A

the glandular inner lining of the uterus.

24
Q

cervix

A

a muscular band separating the vagina and uterus. designed to hold the fetus in place.

25
Q

vagina

A

connects the uterus to the outer enviroment.

26
Q

menstration

A

the shedding of the endometrium 1. Flow Phase 2. Follicular Phase 3. Ovulation 4. Lucteal Phase

27
Q

sexually transmitted infection (STI)

A

infections passed from people to people. ex chlamydia

28
Q

HPV

A

in men it can cause cancer of the penis and in males it can cause cervical cancer.

29
Q

GnRH

A

stimulates LH &FSH secretion in Pituitary

30
Q

LH

A

stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.

31
Q

testosterone

A

responsible for secondary sex characteristics and is essential in sperm production

32
Q

andropause

A

age in men when sperm production is reduced

33
Q

corpus luteum

A

immature follicles. secretes progesterone and estrogen. develops the endometrium.

34
Q

follicular phase

A

FSH stimulates follicle production and secretes estrogen.

35
Q

Lucteal Phase

A

corpus luteum develops, secretes estrogen and progesterone, build up of hormones and causes a negative feedback loop to inhibit FSH and LH, low levels of FSH & LH signal menstruation.

36
Q

flow phase

A

shedding of endometrium, 1st phase and its visible. lasts approximately 5 days

37
Q

fertlization

A

fusing of egg and sperm forming a zygote, called conception

38
Q

zygote

A

diploid cell of a fused egg and sperm

39
Q

cleavage

A

series of mitotic divisions where the cytoplasm is broken into smaller cells.

40
Q

blastocyte

A

6-10 days, rapidly dividing ball of cells.

41
Q

implantation

A

the embryo attaches to the uterus.

42
Q

partuition

A

birth

43
Q

HCG

A

hormone produced by placenta after implantation, detected by pregnancy tests.

44
Q

gastrulation

A

phase where germ layers form. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

45
Q

differentiation

A

cells become specialized. ex stem cell

46
Q

allantois

A

sac-like structure on the posterior of the embryo

47
Q

amnion

A

extraembryonic membrane forming around the embryo. innermost layer.

48
Q

chorion

A

outermost layer of the embryo, contains mesoderm

49
Q

yolk sac

A

provides nutrition and gas exchange between mother and child

50
Q

placenta

A

organ that develops during pregnancy, provides oxygen and nutrients

51
Q

umbilical cord

A

bundle of nerves/ narrow cord that connects an embryo with the placenta

Biology Reproduction (1 decks)

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