Reproduction Terms Quiz Flashcards
Allele
A variant, or version, of a gene
Dominant
The genetic phenomenon in which one copy of a version of a gene (an allele) in an individual gives rise to an observed trait.
Recessive
The genetic phenomenon in which a trait is not observed, or is “hidden,” in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual.
Genotype
An individual’s pair of alleles for a specific gene or group of genes that determine a trait.
Phenotype
An observable trait of an organism.
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a specific trait.
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a specific trait.
Sexual Reproduction
Process by which a sperm cell from a male units with an egg cell from a female to produce offspring that inherits traits from both.
Asexual Reproduction
A process by which organisms make exact copies of themselves without the union of gametes (sperm and egg cells).
Heredity
The passage of genetic information from one generation to the next.
Trait
A specific version of a characteristic that varies from one individual to another.
Gene
A specific sequence of DNA that determines one or more traits.
Mutation
A change in the DNA of gene that may lead to different trait.
Punnett Square
A diagram for showing the likelihood of each outcome of a breeding experiment.
Genetics
Relating to genes or heredity of traits.
Clone
An offspring produced by asexual reproduction, either naturally or through artificial processes, that is identical to the parent.
Chromosome
A strand of DNA— and sometimes associated proteins— that contains the genes that transmit hereditary information.
Breeding
The process of mating animals or crossing plants to produce offspring.
Crossing
Producing offspring by breeding parents parents with different traits.
Inherited
A trait that is passed from parent(s) to offspring.
Fertilization
The union of a male sperm and a female egg to form a fertilized egg.
