Reproduction of Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Modes of animal reproduction?

A

-asexual and sexual reproduction

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2
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A
  • genetic materials come from one parent, without the fusion of egg and sperm
  • genetically identical to parent
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3
Q

what is sexual reproduction?

A

genetic material of two individuals combined to produce genetically diverse offspring that differ from their parent

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4
Q

asexual reproduction?

A
  • fission
  • budding
  • gemmules
  • fragmentation and regeneration
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5
Q

alternation of asexual and sexual reproduction?

A
  • parthenogenesis
  • hermaphroditism
  • sequential hermaphroditism
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6
Q

what is fission?

A

separation of a parent cell into two or more daughter cells of approximately equal in size

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7
Q

binary fission?

A
  • separation of parent’s nucleus into half
  • produces 2 individuals (identical)
  • eg: amoeba paramecium, euglena
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8
Q

multiple fission?

A

nucleus of a parent cell divides repeatedly and produces many individuals
-amoeba

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9
Q

what is budding?

A
  • outgrowth (bud) pushes out from the parent’s cell, pinches off and enlarges into a new cell
  • coral and hydra
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10
Q

what is gemmules?

A

internal buds found in sponges

-involved in asexual

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11
Q

what is fragmentation and regeneration?

A

breaking of the body into several pieces or some may develop into complete adults

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12
Q

sexual reproduction?

A

creation of an offspring by fusion of male and female gametes to form zygote

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13
Q

the female and male gamete?

A
  • egg

- sperm

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14
Q

reproductive cycle are controlled by?

A
  1. hormones

2. environmental cues

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15
Q

what is hermaphroditism?

A

sexual reproduction presents a special problem for certain organism
-seldom encounter a mate

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16
Q

parthenogenesis?

A

a process in which an egg develops without being fertilized

  • clone of a mother
  • arthropods and some species of lizards
17
Q

internal and external fertilization ?

A
  • fusion of gametes inside of the body of a parent (terrestrial animals)
  • fusion of gamete outside of the body of a parent (aquatic animal)
18
Q

main function of fertilization?

A

to bring the haploid nuclei of sperm and egg together to form a diploid zygote

19
Q

process of releasing gametes into the water is called?

A

spawning

20
Q

what is pheromone and the function?

A
  • chemical released by one organism that can influence the physiology and behavior of other individuals of the same species
  • mate attractions
21
Q

oviparity and ovoviviparity?

A
  • expulsion of undeveloped eggs

- the young grow in eggs inside the mother’s body and the mother gives birth to live young

22
Q

viviparity?

A

development of embryo inside the body of mother eventually leading to give birth
-mostly in mammals