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bio > Reproduction in lower and higher plants > Flashcards

Reproduction in lower and higher plants Flashcards

1
Q

Fragmentation example

A

spirogyra

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2
Q

Budding example

A

Unicellular protosiphon and yeast

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3
Q

Spore formation example

A

Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, diatoms

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4
Q

Conidia formation eg

A

Penicillum

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5
Q

Gemma formation eg

A

Marchantia

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6
Q

Scion

A

part of the stem containing more than one bud

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7
Q

Tissue culture

A

Small amount of plant tissue is grown to give many plantlets

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8
Q

dithecous

A

having 2 lobes

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9
Q

tetrasporangiate

A

When in dithecous anther four pollen sacs are present

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10
Q

archesporial cells

A

divides into inner sporogenous cells and other outer
parietal cells.

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11
Q

heterogenesity

A

differentiation occuring when some hypodermal cells get converted to archesporial cells

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12
Q

sporogenous cell

A

gives rise to sporogenous tissue which forms
microspore tetrad (they form pollens).

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13
Q

epidermis

A

Outermost,
protective covering

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14
Q

endothecium

A

Sub-epidermal
layer

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15
Q

middle layer

A

May degenerate in
mature anther

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16
Q

tapetum

A

Provides nutrition to
developing pollens

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17
Q

microspore mother cell

A

derived from the sporogenous tissue found in the anther.

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18
Q

pollen grain

A

non-motile, haploid unicellular, uninucleate structure

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18
Q

sporoderm

A

the term for the outer layers of pollen grains, which are made up of two main layers: the exine and the intine.

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19
Q

exine

A

Outerwall, made of
sporopollenin (non-
biodegradable)

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20
Q

sporopollenin

A

biological polymer found as a major component of the tough outer (exine) walls of plant spores and pollen grains

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21
Q

germ-pores

A

Aids in formation of
pollen tube

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22
Q

intine

A

Inner wall, made of
cellulose and pectin

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23
Q

vegetative cell

A

Vegetative cell,
present in mature
pollen, rich in food

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24
generative cell
Present in mature pollen. Forms the male gametes
25
apocarpous
describes a type of ovary in flowering plants where the carpels (female reproductive structures) remain separate and distinct from each other.
26
syncarpous
Refers to a type of ovary where multiple carpels (female reproductive units) are fused together to form a single, compound ovary.
27
funiculus
The stalk that attaches an ovule to the placenta within the ovary.
28
hilum
The scar on the seed where it was attached to the funiculus (and ultimately the placenta) before it was released.
29
nucellus`
The central, fleshy part of the ovule that surrounds the embryo sac. It provides nourishment to the developing embryo.
30
integuments
One or two protective layers that envelop the nucellus in an ovule.
31
micropyle
A small opening in the integuments of an ovule that allows the pollen tube to enter and deliver sperm cells.
32
chalaza
the basal part of the ovule where the funiculus is attached and where the vascular bundle enters the ovule.
33
megaspore mother cell
A diploid c ell within the nucellus that undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores.
34
polar nuclei
35
egg apparatus
36
filiform apparatus
37
antipodal cells
38
definitive nucleus
39
embryo sac
40
monosporic development
41
female gametophyte
42
pollination
The transfer of polling grains from anther to stigma of the flower is called as pollination.
43
autogamy
* Transfer of pollen grain from anther of a flower to stigma of the same flower.
44
geitonoigamy
Transfer of pollen grain from anther of a flower to stigma of another flower on the same plant.
45
xenogamy
Transfer of pollen grain from anther of a flower to stigma of another flower of a different plant.
46
anemophily
(air)
47
hydrophily
(below surface of water)
48
epihydrophily
(on surface of water)
49
entomophily
(insects)
50
ornithophily
(insects)
51
chiropterophily
(insects)
52
dioecism
The plant bears either male or female flowers.
53
dichogamy
Anthers and stigma mature at different times.
54
protandry
Anthers and stigma mature at different times.
55
protogyny
gynoecium matures earlier than androecium
56
prepotency
Pollen grains of other flowers germinate rapidly over the stigma than the pollen grains from the same flower.
57
heteromorphy
There are two or three forms/ types of flowers in which stigmas and anthers are placed at different levels
58
herkogamy
* It is a mechanical device to prevent self pollination in a bisexual flower. * In plants, natural physical barrier is present between two sex organs and avoid contact of pollen with stigma of same flower. (state example)
59
self-incompatibility/sterility
This is a genetic mechanism due to which the germination of pollen on stigma of the same flower is inhibited.
60
pollen-pistil interaction
It is the interaction of pollen grains with sporophytic tissue (stigma). * It begins with pollination and ends with fertilization.
61
porogamy
62
chalazogamy
63
mesogamy
64
siphonogamy
The compatible pollen germinates and produces pollen tube. The non-motile male gametes are carried through the pollen tube
65
syngamy
The haploid male gamete fuses with haploid female gamete (egg) to produce a diploid zygote
66
triple fusion
The second haploid male gamete fuses with diploid secondary nucleus to produce a primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) that develops into triploid endosperm
67
endosperm
The triploid primary endosperm nucleus repeatedly divides, mitotically to form nutritive tissue, called endosperm.
68
embryogenesis
The embryo is developed at the micropylar end of embryo sac. * The growth of embryo triggers only after certain amount of endosperm is formed.
69
mosaic endosperm
70
proembryo
71
suspensor initial cell
72
embryonal initial cell
73
hypophysis
73
Haustorium
74
scutellum
75
coleoptile
76
coleorhiza
77
testa
78
tegmen
79
perisperm
80
endospermic/albuminous
81
non-endospermic/ ex-albuminous
82
pericarp
83
dormancy
84
apomixis
85
apogamy
86
apospory
87
diplosproy
88

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