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bio > Reproduction in lower and higher plants > Flashcards

Reproduction in lower and higher plants Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fragmentation example

A

spirogyra

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2
Q

Budding example

A

Unicellular protosiphon and yeast

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3
Q

Spore formation example

A

Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, diatoms

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4
Q

Conidia formation eg

A

Penicillum

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5
Q

Gemma formation eg

A

Marchantia

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6
Q

Scion

A

part of the stem containing more than one bud

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7
Q

Tissue culture

A

Small amount of plant tissue is grown to give many plantlets

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8
Q

dithecous

A

having 2 lobes

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9
Q

tetrasporangiate

A

When in dithecous anther four pollen sacs are present

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10
Q

archesporial cells

A

divides into inner sporogenous cells and other outer
parietal cells.

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11
Q

heterogenesity

A

differentiation occuring when some hypodermal cells get converted to archesporial cells

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12
Q

sporogenous cell

A

gives rise to sporogenous tissue which forms
microspore tetrad (they form pollens).

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13
Q

epidermis

A

Outermost,
protective covering

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14
Q

endothecium

A

Sub-epidermal
layer

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15
Q

middle layer

A

May degenerate in
mature anther

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16
Q

tapetum

A

Provides nutrition to
developing pollens

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17
Q

microspore mother cell

A
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18
Q

microspore mother cell

A
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19
Q

pollen grain

A
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19
Q

sporoderm

A
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20
Q

exine

A

Outerwall, made of
sporopollenin (non-
biodegradable)

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21
Q

sporopollenin

A
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22
Q

germ-pores

A

Aids in formation of
pollen tube

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23
Q

intine

A

Inner wall, made of
cellulose and pectin

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24
Q

vegetative cell

A

Vegetative cell,
present in mature
pollen, rich in food

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25
Q

generative cell

A

Present in mature
pollen. Forms the
male gametes

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26
Q

apocarpous

A
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27
Q

syncarpous

A
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28
Q

funiculus

A
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29
Q

hilum

A
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30
Q

nucellus`

A
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31
Q

integuments

A
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32
Q

micropyle

A
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33
Q

chalaza

A
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34
Q

megaspore mother cell

A
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35
Q

polar nuclei

A
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36
Q

egg apparatus

A
37
Q

filiform apparatus

A
38
Q

antipodal cells

A
39
Q

definitive nucleus

A
40
Q

embryo sac

A
41
Q

monosporic development

A
42
Q

female gametophyte

A
43
Q

pollination

A

The transfer of polling grains from anther to stigma of the flower is called
as pollination.

44
Q

autogamy

A
  • Transfer of pollen
    grain from anther
    of a flower to
    stigma of the same
    flower.
45
Q

geitonoigamy

A

Transfer of pollen
grain from anther
of a flower to
stigma of another
flower on the same
plant.

46
Q

xenogamy

A

Transfer of pollen
grain from anther
of a flower to
stigma of another
flower of a
different plant.

47
Q

anemophily

A

(air)

48
Q

hydrophily

A

(below surface of

water)

49
Q

epihydrophily

A

(on surface of
water)

50
Q

entomophily

A

(insects)

51
Q

ornithophily

A

(insects)

52
Q

chiropterophily

A

(insects)

53
Q

dioecism

A

The plant bears either male or female flowers.

54
Q

dichogamy

A

Anthers and stigma mature at different times.

55
Q

protandry

A

Anthers and stigma mature at different times.

56
Q

protogyny

A

gynoecium matures earlier than androecium

57
Q

prepotency

A

Pollen grains of other flowers germinate rapidly over the stigma than
the pollen grains from the same flower.

58
Q

heteromorphy

A

There are two or three forms/ types of flowers in which stigmas and
anthers are placed at different levels

59
Q

herkogamy

A
  • It is a mechanical device to prevent self pollination in a bisexual
    flower.
  • In plants, natural physical barrier is present between two sex organs
    and avoid contact of pollen with stigma of same flower. (state
    example)
60
Q

self-incompatibility/sterility

A

This is a genetic mechanism due to which the germination of pollen
on stigma of the same flower is inhibited.

61
Q

pollen-pistil interaction

A

It is the interaction of pollen grains with sporophytic tissue (stigma).
* It begins with pollination and ends with fertilization.

62
Q

porogamy

A
63
Q

chalazogamy

A
64
Q

mesogamy

A
65
Q

siphonogamy

A

The compatible pollen germinates and produces
pollen tube. The non-motile male gametes are
carried through the pollen tube

66
Q

syngamy

A

The haploid male gamete fuses with haploid female
gamete (egg) to produce a diploid zygote

67
Q

triple fusion

A

The second haploid male gamete fuses with diploid
secondary nucleus to produce a primary
endosperm nucleus (PEN) that develops into
triploid endosperm

68
Q

endosperm

A

The triploid primary endosperm nucleus repeatedly divides,
mitotically to form nutritive tissue, called endosperm.

69
Q

embryogenesis

A

The embryo is developed at the micropylar end of embryo sac.
* The growth of embryo triggers only after certain amount of
endosperm is formed.

70
Q

mosaic endosperm

A
71
Q

proembryo

A
72
Q

suspensor initial cell

A
73
Q

embryonal initial cell

A
74
Q

hypophysis

A
74
Q

Haustorium

A
75
Q

scutellum

A
76
Q

coleoptile

A
77
Q

coleorhiza

A
78
Q

testa

A
79
Q

tegmen

A
80
Q

perisperm

A
81
Q

endospermic/albuminous

A
82
Q

non-endospermic/ ex-albuminous

A
83
Q

pericarp

A
84
Q

dormancy

A
85
Q

apomixis

A
86
Q

apogamy

A
87
Q

apospory

A
88
Q

diplosproy

A
89
Q
A

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