Reproduction Definitions Flashcards
Premature expulsion of a fetus
Abortion
Failure to have an estrous cycle
Anestrus
Situation that exists when cows are not ovulating
Anovulation
Process of freezing semen from a bull and thawing it later to fertilize ova
Artificial Insemination (AI)
Period from one calving to the next calving, usually measured in months
Calving Interval
Physiological changes that occur to sperm membranes which are essential to attainment of fertilization potential
capacitation
Uterine side of the placental attachment points
Caruncle
Permanent injury to the supreme caused by a sudden decrease in semen temperature after thawing
Cold Shock
Percent of services (breedings) that result in a pregnancy
Conception Rate
Temporary gland that forms on the ovary after the ovum is released; also called yellow body
Corpus Luteum
Placental side of the placental attachment points
Cotyledon
Condition when one or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum, often affecting fertility
Cryptorchidism
Days from calving until conception or successful breeding date
Days Open
Days from calving until first breeding date
Days to First Service
Process of removing a fertilized ovum from a donor cow and transferring it to another cow or heifer; Most embryo transfers are conducted on day 7 or 8 after breeding
Embryo Transfer
inflammation of the uterine lining
Endometritis
period of heat in dairy cattle
Estrus
process of joining and ovum and a sperm. It takes place in the oviduct
Fertilization
Sterile heifer born twin to a bull
Freemartin
Thin cylinder in which frozen semen is preserved
French Straw
Period of pregnancy; it begins at fertilization and ends at birth
Gestation
Number of animals bred divided by the number of animals eligible for breeding, typically each 21-day cycle
Heat Detection Rate
Describes the animal that is neither normally fertile nor totally sterile
Infertility
Process where the uterus returns to normal size after calving
Involution
Infection of the uterus
Metritis
Process of releasing an ovum from the follicle on the ovary
Ovulation
Act of giving birth (also called calving, freshing)
Parturition
Percent of cows that become pregnant out of those cows eligible to become pregnant in a period, usually 21 days
Pregnancy Rate (PR)
An animal that received a fertilized ovum from a donor
Recipient
Condition when the fetal membranes remain attached to the maternal Caruncles within the uterus for an extended period after calving (greater than 24 hours)
Retained Placenta
Proportion of cows eligible for service in a set period (usually every 21-day period) that are bred
Service Rate
An evaluation of artificial insemination (AI) service-sire fertility computed
by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding; calculated for Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein,
Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn bulls
Sire Conception Rate (SCR)
Describes the animal that cannot reproduce
Sterility
Process that involves treating a cow with a hormone (FSH) to increase the number of ova produced
Superovulation
Use of ultrasonography to view the ovary while removing oocytes
through the vagina using a needle; harvested oocytes are matured and fertilized in vitro
Transvaginal Aspiration
Time period after calving when the dairy producer chooses not to
breed a cow; most common VWP is 60 days
Voluntary Waiting Period (VWP)
A fertilized ovum
Zygote
