Reproduction - D3.1 Flashcards
what is sexual reproduction?
involves 2 parents, offspring is genetically different, dna created through meiosis
what is asexual reproduction?
involves 1 parent, offspring is the same, dna created through mitosis
what is the purpose of meiosis?
to create gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction
where does meiosis take place?
in the testes or in the ovaries or “gonads”
what is the process that creates sperm (gametes)?
spermatogenesis
where does spermatogenesis take place?
seminiferous tubules of the testes
what does GnRH do for males?
stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH
what does FSH do for males?
stimulates the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules to support sperm production
what does LH do for males?
stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to produce testosterone
what does testosterone do for males?
promotes the development of sperm and helps regulate the spermatogenesis process
what is the process that creates eggs (gametes)?
oogenesis
what does GnRH do for females?
stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH in a pulsite manner
what does FSH do for females?
stimulates growth of follicles and granulosa cells (responsible for estrogen)
what does LH do for females?
a surge causes a mature follicle to rupture and release a secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube (ovulation)
what does estrogen do for females?
helps regulate follicle growth and thickening of the endometrial lining. triggers LH when increased
what does progesterone do for females?
prepares endometrium lining for implantation
what does inhibin do for females?
provides negative feedback to pituitary gland to suppress the production of FSH
what does HCG do for pregnancy?
maintains the corpus luteum which releases hormones to help support the pregnancy
what does progesterone do for pregnancy?
maintains endometrium & prevents contractions
what does estrogen do for pregnancy?
helps stimulate uterus growth, improve blood flow to placenta, & prepares breasts for lactation
what does HPL do for pregnancy?
regulates maternal metabolism to ensure sufficient nutrients for the fetus + supports lactation
what does oxytocin do for pregnancy?
stimulates uterine contractions
what is the acrosome reaction?
when the acrosome of a sperm breaks down the zona pellucida of the egg?
