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reproduction and puberty Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of reproduction

A

The creation of offspring by an organism

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2
Q

What is the male sex cell

A

the sperm

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3
Q

what is the male sex hormone

A

testosterone

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4
Q

what produces testosterone and sperm

A

the testes

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5
Q

What are the the testes contained in

A

the scrotum

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6
Q

Why are the scrotum at a lower temperature than the rest of the body

A

to keep the sperm fertile and so they don’t die.

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7
Q

What is the epididymus

A

a muscular coiled tube where sperm are stored

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8
Q

Where are sperm stored

A

the epididymus

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9
Q

What is the sperm duct

A

the thing that transports sperm to the penis

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10
Q

What transports sperm to the penis

A

The sperm duct

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11
Q

What adds fluid to the sperm

A

the prostate gland and the seminal vesicle

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12
Q

What is the job of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicle

A

To add fluid to sperm

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13
Q

What do you call the mixture of fluid and sperm

A

semen

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14
Q

What is semen

A

The mixture of fluid and sperm

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15
Q

Where do semen and urine leave the penis

A

The urethra

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16
Q

What are the two functions of the penis

A

to pass urine out of the body and to pass semen into the woman’s vigina

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17
Q

What is the vulva

A

the outermost part of the female reproductive system where the urethra is found

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18
Q

Where is the urethra found

A

The vulva

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19
Q

What is the vagina

A

a muscular tube which leads from the cervix into the woman’s body

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20
Q

What is the cervix

A

a ring of muscle at the lower end of the utterer which keeps the baby in the womb when the woman is pregnant.

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21
Q

What is the Uterus/womb

A

Where the fertilised zygote will develop.

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22
Q

What is the oviduct/Fallopian tube

A

The tube which the egg passes through from the oviduct.

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23
Q

What is the ovary

A

Where unfertilised eggs are stored

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24
Q

what is the female sex cell

A

the egg

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25
What is another name for a sex cell
a gamete
26
What is another name for a fertilised egg
a zygote
27
Name the different parts of the egg cell
nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane, protective layer
28
name the different parts of the sperm cell
the head, nucleus, cell membrane, middle section, tail
29
What is the journey of a sperm
1) the sperm travels through the sperm duct. 2) sperm combine with fluids from the prostate gland and seminal vesicle to make semen. 3) During sexual intercourse, the sperm navigate through the female reproductive tract, which includes the uterus, vagina, cervix and oviduct. 4) The sperm travel through the cervix and the lower part of the cervix. There will not be many sperm as the white blood cells will try to kill the sperm. 5) Sperm enter the uterus where they may encounter an egg. 6) If there is an egg, the sperm continue down the oviduct, where fertilisation occurs
30
What is the cervix
the small gap separating the vagina and the Uterus.
31
Which animals typically use external fertilisation
Fish, and amphibians
32
Which animals use internal fertilisation
mammals, reptiles, birds and insects.
33
What is external fertilisation
fertilisation that occurs outside of the females body. The male releases sperm onto the egg cells after the female has dropped them
34
What is internal fertilisation
fertilisation that occurs inside the female.
35
What is parental care
parental care is any kind of behavour pattern in which a parent invests time or even energy in feeding and protecting its offspring
36
In which type of fertilisation are the eggs produced in large numbers
External
37
which type of fertilisation is used by sea animals
external
38
which fertilisation has only a few eggs being produced
internal
39
which type of fertilisation is used by land animals
internal
40
which type of fertilisation means the sperm may get eaten by predators
external
41
which method of fertilisation has a better chance of the offspring surviving
internal
42
What is courtship
courtship is the behaviour of animals, most often males, attracting a mate
43
What is courtship needed for
to reproduce and ensure the survival of a species to identify members of the same species to synchronise mating to increase the chances of gametes fertilising
44
What is parental care
the non-genetic contribution by a parent that increases the fitness of an offspring and occurs after giving birth.
45
What changes happen to both boys and girls during puberty
underarm hair grows pubic hair grows body smell gets stronger emotional changes occur growth rate increases voice breaks hips get wider
46
What changes happen to only boys during puberty
testes and penis get bigger testes start to produce sperm shoulders get wider hair grows on face and chest can impregnate a woman
47
What changes happen to only girls during puberty
breasts develop ovaries start to release eggs periods start can have a baby
48
Which day does the period start
Day 1 of 28
49
how many days are in a period
28-35
50
When does the ovary release the egg
day 13-14
51
When does the lining of the uterus get thicker
day 8
52
Which days can fertilisation occur
days 15-18
53
what are the stages of human fertilisation
gamete, zygote, embryo, fetus, baby
54
Can a woman have a baby while she is pregnant
no
55
What happens to the lining of the uterus if an egg is not fertilised
it bleeds out of the vagina
56
how long does a period last
3-5 days
57
Which days is a woman most fertile
days 14 and 15
58
When does the egg die if it is not fertilised
day 17
59
What is puberty
Puberty is the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.
60
what is pregnancy
the time spent carrying the offspring in the womb
61
what is the gestation period
the time in which the baby develops, from conception to birth
62
What is fertilisation
the fusing of an egg and a sperm cell in the oviduct to create new, unique life
63
the does the embryonic period end and the foetal period begin
week 8
64
when is the brain fully created
weeks 13-16
65
When do foetus's hand, foot and finger prints develop
Weeks 20-24
66
When does the brain start developing rapidly
weeks 25-28
67
When is there a 95% chance the baby will be born
weeks 29-32
68
what is amniotic fluid
The liquid which cushions the foetus
69
What is a placenta
A temporary organ which gives water, oxygen and nutrients to the foetus and removes waste products
70
What is the umbilical cord
the tube which connects the fetus and the mother and brings a supply of nutrients, oxygen, water and food, and removes waste products. It links the mother and her developing baby.
71
What are the 6 stages of labour
1. The muscular uterus walls begin to contract. 2. The contractions becomes stronger and the cervix muscle starts to relax. 3. At some stage the amnion breaks and the fluid comes out of the vagina. 4. Once the cervix is 10cm dilated the strong contractions begin to push the baby out. 5. The baby comes out head first, the umbilical cord is tied and cut. 6. About half an hour after the baby is born the placenta breaks away and passes out of the vagina.
72
When is the baby approximately meant to be born
At about 9 months (40 weeks) the baby is ready to be born

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