reproduction and heredity Flashcards
genetic
the study of heredity
gene
factors that control traits
asexual reproduction
reproduction of a single cell organism that passes 100% DNA
sexual reproduction
reproduction of 2 cell organism each passing 50%
gamete
sex cell, egg/sperm, contains 50% of dna
homozygous
when both alleles received are the same (AA, aa)
heterozygous
when both versions of allele are present (Aa)
genotype
an organisms genetic makeup or allele combination (AA, aa, Aa)
phenotype
an organisms physical appearance
natural selection
process which characteristics of something change in response to environment (adaptation)
artificial selection
process where humans change traits of organism and are passed on
mutation
permanent alteration in DNA sequence that makes up genes
advantages of sexual reproduction
-increased diversity
disadvantage for sexual reproduction
- requires 2 cells
- not efficient or quick
advantages of asexual reproduction
- no outside forces
- efficient
disadvantages of asexual reproduction
-has no diversity genetically
forms of asexual reproduction
- spores (dots coming off mushroom)
- budding (thing grows off plant and falls and becomes a whole new plant)
- binary fission (one cell becomes two)
- fragmentation (starfish losses leg and regrows another leg)
strategies and pollinating partner
nectar in tubes- hummingbird
strong odor- moth
brightly colored- bee
strategy an animal uses to ensure survival of offspring
penguins- sit in egg to keep babies warm
2 different ways mutations occur
- chemical/radiation
- dna miscopies
positives in mutations
lactose tolerance -able to drink/eat dairy
negative mutations
certain cancers- could be life threatening results
neutral mutation
eye color- has no impact on physical appearance
benefit and consequence of artificial selection
it can choose better traits but could make the organism lose natural survival abilities
how do we use tech to artificially influence traits of organisms
by coding the dna faster so the results will given quicker
