Reproduction

Question 1

Testes

Answer 1

Produce sperm cells.

Question 2

Scrotum

Answer 2

Where the testes are located. Keeps the testes at a slightly lower temperature than body temperature.

Question 3

Vas deferens / Sperm duct

Answer 3

The tube through which sperm cells travel from the testes to the penis.

Question 4

Prostate gland

Answer 4

Secretes some of the liquid that is added to sperm cells to form semen. The fluid secreted by the prostate gland is alkaline and contains many chemicals including enzymes. It plays an important role in keeping sperm cells alive once they enter the female reproductive system.

Question 5

Seminal vesicle

Answer 5

Also contributes some of the liquid that makes up semen. The fluid produced by the seminal vesicle contains proteins, enzymes, sugar, vitamin C and other substances. The sugar provides a source of energy for sperm cells.

Question 6

Urethra

Answer 6

The tube inside the penis through which semen leaves the male’s body.

Question 7

Penis

Answer 7

The penis swells during sexual arousal. Semen containing sperm cells is ejaculated (released) from the penis into the vagina.

Question 8

Follicles

Answer 8

Sacs containing egg cells.

Question 9

Fallopian tubes

Answer 9

Tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes.

Question 10

Fertilisation

Answer 10

Penetration of the ovum by a sperm.

Question 11

Puberty

Answer 11

Life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction.

Question 12

Hormones

Answer 12

Chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

Question 13

Sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Joining together of male and female reproductive cells.

Question 14

Gametes

Answer 14

Reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells.

Question 15

Sperm

Answer 15

Male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

Question 16

Ova

Answer 16

Female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

Question 17

Zygote

Answer 17

Cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells.

Question 18

External fertilisation

Answer 18

Reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby.

Question 19

Internal fertilisation

Answer 19

Reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female.

Question 20

Copulation

Answer 20

The act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating.

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

Cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

Question 22

Epigenetics

Answer 22

A new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information.

Question 23

Nuclear DNA

Answer 23

Genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum.

Question 24

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Answer 24

Genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother.

Question 25

Ejaculation

Answer 25

Release of sperm.

Question 26

Semen

Answer 26

Combination of fluid and sperm.

Question 27

Identical twins

Answer 27

Twins developed from the same fertilised egg.

Question 28

Fraternal twins

Answer 28

Twins developed from different fertilised eggs.