Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is puberty?

A

Developmental stage characterized by transition from sexual immaturity to maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adrenarche

A

Increase in androgen hormone production by adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thelarche

A

Development of breast tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Menarche

A

Fist Menstrual Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spermarche

A

First Sperm Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pubarche

A

Pubic Hair Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is normal age range for females to undergo puberty? What are the secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Age Range: 10-14

Secondary Sexual Characteristics: breast and alveolar development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is normal age range for males to undergo puberty? What are the secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Age Range: 11-16

Secondary Sexual Characteristics: penile growth and pubic hair development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are important things you need in an OB/GYN history?

A
  • Menstrual History (age of menarche, duration, flow, cycle length, and last menstrual period)
  • Breast History
  • Last mammogram and pap smear
  • Previous GYN surgeries
  • History of infertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you document obstetrical history?

A

Normally: GxPx (G = number of pregnancies, P = number of viable births/offspring?)

Thorough GxPtpal

t: term deliveries > 37 weeks
p: preterm deliveries: 20-37 weeks
a: abortion <20 weeks
l: live delivery regardless of gestational age

Example: G5P3114

  • 5 pregnancies
  • 3 term deliveries
  • 1 preterm delivery
  • 1 abortion
  • 4 live delivery (aka she has 4 kids)

Also include: method of delivery, age of delivery, any maternal/fetal/delivery complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should be included in contraceptive/sexual history?

A
  • Contraceptive method
  • Currently Sexual active or not
  • Number of partners last year or lifetime
  • New partner in last 3 months
  • Condom Use
  • History of sexual abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During what age range do you conduct pap smear?

A

Women ages 21-65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How often do you conduct pap smear?

A

Every 3 years if normal pap smear
Every 5 years if normal pap smears + negative HPV testing
Annually if abnormal pap smear

Can stop after age 65 or hysterectomy for noncancerous reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When do you order mammogram?

A

Women at age 50

Earlier for those at high risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a pap smear?

A

Papanicolaou test to screen for cervical cancer (normally from HPV strains)

Sample taken form ectocervix, endocervix, transformational zone, squamocoluman junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which part of the cervix is most like to have precancerous lesion and cancers?

A

Transformational zone

17
Q

What is the difference between pelvic exam and pap smear?

A

Pelvic Exam is more comprehensive: internal and external genitalia

  • Visual inspection
  • Bimanual exam: insert finger in vagina and use other hand to palpate uterus and ovaries
  • STI swab
  • cervical motion tenderness
18
Q

What are symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Abdominal or pelvic pain with vaginal bleeding

Pregnancy related symptoms: breast tenderness, nausea

19
Q

What are symptoms of UTI?

A

Dysuria
Urinary Frequency and Urgency
Suprapubic pain
Hematuria

E. coli most common cause
Check for costovertebral angle (Lloyd’s Pouch)

20
Q

How often do you screen for Prostate Specific Antigen?

A

Not recommended to screen regularly!

Only in patients with family history of prostate cancer or showing signs

21
Q

What consists of a male genital exam?

A

Only perform one based on history and CC

  • Inspection of scrotum, penile shaft, glans, inguinal region
  • Palpate penile shaft and scrotum
  • Retract foreskin
  • Palpate inguinal region and examine for hernias
22
Q

What type of cancer is most in young males common?

A

Testicular Cancer

yay sam for taking care of himself

23
Q

What are symptoms of hernia?

A

Pain with increased intra-abdominal pressure

-Palpable bulge affected side

24
Q

Which STIs are bacterial?

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis

25
Q

Which STIs are viral?

A

Herpes simplex 2
Human papilloma virus
Hepatitis B and C
HIV/AIDS

*basically if it starts with ‘h’

26
Q

What happens if STIs are left untreated?

A
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Upper genital tract infections
Infertility
Chronic Pelvic Pain
Cervical Cancer
Chronic Infections
27
Q

How do you treat an STI?

A
Antibacterials and Antivirals
Behavior counseling (safe sex practices, stress condom use, etc)
28
Q

How does gonorrhea present in males and females?

A

Males: Penile discharge and dysuria (can be asymptomatic)
Females: Pelvic pain or mucopurulent vaginal discharge

Complications: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, scarring of fallopian tube (infertility)

29
Q

How does chlamydia present in males and females?

A

Mostly asymptomatic

Males: Penile discharge, pruritus, and dysuria
Females: vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, dysuria

Complications: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, scarring of fallopian tube (infertility)

30
Q

How does syphilis present?

A

Primary: chancre (painless genital ulcer)
Secondary: Joint pains, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, mucopapular rash
Latent Phase: Asymptomatic
Tertiary: Neurosyphilis (confusion, headache, stiff neck, vision less)

31
Q

How does genital herpes present?

A

Single or clusters of vesicles on genitalia
Burning, tingling, pain prior to vesicle appearance

Complications: meningitis, PID, hepatitis, increase risk of HIV infection

32
Q

How does trichomonasis present?

A

Protozoa STI

Males: mostly asymptomatic (small percentage will have penile discharge)
Females: foul smelling or purulent vaginal discharge, vaginal pruritus, dysuria

33
Q

How does HPV present?

A

Genital warts

Complications: cancer of oropharyngeal region or lower genital tract