Reproduction Flashcards
Function of scrotum
Sac like organ made of skin and muscles that houses testes
Testes
Male gonards responsible for production of sperm and testosterone
Inside of testes divided into smaller compartments known as lobules.
Each lobule contains a section of seminiferous tubule lined with epithelial cells that contain stem cells to divide and produce sperm
Epididymis
Is a sperm storage area that wraps around the superior and posterior edge of the testes
Speed produced in the testes move into the epididymis to ,sure before being passed on to he male reproductive organs
Length of epididymis delays release of sperm allowing them to mature
Vas deferens
Pair of spermatic cords connects the testes to abdominal cavity within scrotum.
Cord contains nerves veins arteries and lymphatic vessels than support function of testes
Vas deferens is a muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis into the abdominal cavity to the ejaculatory duct. Peristalsis moves sperm towards ejectors duct up vas deferens
Seminal vessel
Pair of lumpy exocrine glands that store and produce some of the liquid portion of semen. Liquid produced contains proteins and mucus and has an alkaline pH to help sperm survive in acidic acid in environment
Ejaculatory duct
Vas deferens passes through the prostate and joins with the urethra at a structure known as the ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct contains the ducts from the seminal vesicles as well
During ejaculation the duct opens and expels sperm and and the secretions from seminal vesicles into urethra
Prostate
Walnut sized exocrine gland that surrounds urethra.
Prostate produces a large proportion of the liquid that makes up the semen
Fluid is milky white colour and contains enzymes proteins and other chemicals to support and protect sperm during ejaculation
Penis
Male external sex organ
Contains urethra and external opening to urethra.
Large pockets of erectile tissue allow it to fill with blood and become erect - increase in size and become turgid.
Function - to deliver semen into vagina during intercourse. Also excretion of urine
Causes female infertility
Females failure to ovulate
Cause is unknown but may be due to hormonal imbalance stress ovarian cysts or cancer
Fallopian tubes may be blocked cause of previous inflammation or sti’s.
One or both tubes might have been removed due to ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy
Abnormal placement
May take place outside of uterus most commonly in Fallopian tubes
Internal or vaginal bleeding can occurs as well as rupturing of the tube
Most likely to occur where there is an abnormality in uterus or tube or where infection has caused blockage
Pregnancy will not go full term as lack of blood to the foetus
Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
Ultrasound scan - inserting small probe into vagina. The probe emits sound waves that bounce back to create a close up image of the reproductive system on monitor
Will show if a fertilised egg has implanted on Fallopian tube - can be difficult to spot
Laparoscopy - type of keyhole surgery carried out under general anaesthetic
Making small incision in tummy and inserting a view tube called a. Laparoscope.
Uses to examine the womb and Fallopian tubes directly.
If ectopic pregnancy is found - small surgical instruments used to remove it to avoid possible need for second operation.
Treatment of ectopic pregnancy
Expectant management - mild symptoms, early pregnancy, patient may only need to be closely monitored as there is a good chance pregnancy will dissolve by itself. Regular blood tests taken to Check level of hcg hormone to see if it’s going down - risk of tube rupturing
Medication - medicine called methotrexate
Stops pregnancy from growing
Given as in injection
Followed by blood tests to see if treatment s working
Side effects mild - patient cannot get pregnant again for 3 months.
Chance Fallopian tubes rupture
Surgery
