Reproduction Flashcards
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is where genetic information from two organisms(a father and the mother )is combined to produce offspring which are genetically different to either parent.
True or false: sexual reproduction produces genetically different cells?
True
The process of sexual reproduction
In Sexual reproduction the mother and father produces gametes – e.g. egg and sperm cells and animals.
In humans, each gamete contains 23 chromosomes – half the number of chromosomes in a normal cell. (Instead of having two of each chromosome , a chromosome has just one of each)
The egg And sperm cell then fuse together (fertilisation) to form a cell with a full number of chromosomes (half from the father are from the mother)
This is why the off springing inherits features from both parents – its received a mixture of chromosomes from its mum and its dad (and it’s the chromosomes that decide how are you turn out.)
This mixture of genetic material produces variation in the offspring.
What Is asexual reproduction?
In asexual reproduction there is only one parent. There is no fusion of gametes, no mixing of chromosomes and no genetic variation between parents and offspring. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent - they are clones.
The process of asexual reproduction
An ordinary cell can make any so possibly dividing into Clouseau has exactly the same genetic information i.e. Genes as the parent cell – this is known as asexual
How it works: X-shaped chromosomes have two identical halves so each chromosome splits down the middle…to form two identical sets of half chromosomes (ie two sets DNA strands).a membrane forms around each set and the DNA replicates itself to form two identical cells complete sets of X-shaped chromosomes.
This is how all plants and animals grow and produce a replacement self.
Some organisms also produce offspring using a sexual production, Eg bacteria and certain plants
