Reproduction Flashcards
How many parents are required in sexual reproduction?
2
How many parents are required in asexual reproduction?
1
What type of cell division occurs in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
What type of cell division occurs in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
What differentiates sexual reproduction from asexual?
- Sexual: 2 parents, asexual: 1
- Sexual: fusion of gametes, asexual: no fusion of gametes
Name and explain an advantage of sexual reproduction.
Variation occurs.
This is an advantage as it means that, if the environment changes, the offspring may have a survival advantage.
Name 2 advantages of asexual reproduction.
- Only 1 parent needed so no need to find a mate.
- Faster than sexual reproduction.
- Genetically identically so offspring can be produced with favourable alleles so have a survival advantage.
- Many identical offspring can be produced.
Name a disadvantage of sexual reproduction.
- Asexual is faster
- Finding a mate can be tiring or time consuming
Name a disadvantage of asexual reproduction.
- Reduced genetic variation
- Harmful mutations passed to all offspring
Learn the process of meiosis!
What is a genotype?
The alleles an individual has in their genetics.
What is a phenotype?
The physical expression of the genotype.
What does “heterozygous” mean?
Carrying 2 different alleles for a trait.
What does “homozygous” mean?
Carrying 2 copies of the same alleles for a trait.
Put these into ascending order based on size:
Nucleus, gene, chromosome
Gene, chromosome, nucleus
What is a nucleotide?
A molecule that makes up DNA.
How many types of nucleotides does DNA contain?
4
What is the genome of an organism?
The entire genetic material of that organism.
What 3 things make up a nucleotide?
A phosphate, a sugar and a base
What are the 4 organic bases in a nucleotide?
A, C, G and T
How many bases form a sequence that codes for a specific nucleotide?
3 (triplets)
What base is always linked to a G?
C
What base is always linked to a T?
A
What is DNA made up of?
- Two strands forming a double helix.
- Repeating nucleotide units.
What organelle are proteins synthesised on?
Proteins are synthesised on the ribosomes.
What do carrier molecules do?
Bring amino acids to the protein chain in the correct order.
What can non-coding parts of DNA do?
Control the expression of genes by switching them on and off.
Name 2 inherited disorders.
- Polydactyly - dominant allele
- Cystic fibrosis - recessive allele
Name 3 types of mutations.
- Insertion
- Deletion
- Substitution
How many chromosomes do human body cells usually have?
46 (23 pairs)
