Reproduction

Question 1

How many parents are required in sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

How many parents are required in asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What type of cell division occurs in sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

What type of cell division occurs in asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

What differentiates sexual reproduction from asexual?

Answer 5

1. Sexual: 2 parents, asexual: 1
2. Sexual: fusion of gametes, asexual: no fusion of gametes

Question 6

Name and explain an advantage of sexual reproduction.

Answer 6

Variation occurs.
This is an advantage as it means that, if the environment changes, the offspring may have a survival advantage.

Question 7

Name 2 advantages of asexual reproduction.

Answer 7

1. Only 1 parent needed so no need to find a mate.
2. Faster than sexual reproduction.
3. Genetically identically so offspring can be produced with favourable alleles so have a survival advantage.
4. Many identical offspring can be produced.

Question 8

Name a disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

Answer 8

1. Asexual is faster
2. Finding a mate can be tiring or time consuming

Question 9

Name a disadvantage of asexual reproduction.

Answer 9

1. Reduced genetic variation
2. Harmful mutations passed to all offspring

Question 10

Learn the process of meiosis!

Question 11

What is a genotype?

Answer 11

The alleles an individual has in their genetics.

Question 12

What is a phenotype?

Answer 12

The physical expression of the genotype.

Question 13

What does “heterozygous” mean?

Answer 13

Carrying 2 different alleles for a trait.

Question 14

What does “homozygous” mean?

Answer 14

Carrying 2 copies of the same alleles for a trait.

Question 15

Put these into ascending order based on size:
Nucleus, gene, chromosome

Answer 15

Gene, chromosome, nucleus

Question 16

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 16

A molecule that makes up DNA.

Question 17

How many types of nucleotides does DNA contain?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

What is the genome of an organism?

Answer 18

The entire genetic material of that organism.

Question 19

What 3 things make up a nucleotide?

Answer 19

A phosphate, a sugar and a base

Question 20

What are the 4 organic bases in a nucleotide?

Answer 20

A, C, G and T

Question 21

How many bases form a sequence that codes for a specific nucleotide?

Answer 21

3 (triplets)

Question 22

What base is always linked to a G?

Answer 22

C

Question 23

What base is always linked to a T?

Answer 23

A

Question 24

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 24

1. Two strands forming a double helix.
2. Repeating nucleotide units.

Question 25

What organelle are proteins synthesised on?

Answer 25

Proteins are synthesised on the ribosomes.

Question 26

What do carrier molecules do?

Answer 26

Bring amino acids to the protein chain in the correct order.

Question 27

What can non-coding parts of DNA do?

Answer 27

Control the expression of genes by switching them on and off.

Question 28

Name 2 inherited disorders.

Answer 28

1. Polydactyly - dominant allele 2. Cystic fibrosis - recessive allele

Question 29

Name 3 types of mutations.

Answer 29

1. Insertion 2. Deletion 3. Substitution

Question 30

How many chromosomes do human body cells usually have?

Answer 30

46 (23 pairs)