Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Aesexual Reproduction

Type, complexity, number of parents, genetic variation, and process

A
  • Type: unicellular and multicellular
  • Complexity: simple
  • Number of parents: 1
  • Genetic variation: none (all identical)
  • Process: 1. Copy DNA 2. Cell splits in half 3. Two identical offspring form
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2
Q

Sexual Reproduction

Type, complexity, number of parents, process, and genetic variation

A
  • Type: multicellular (uni can’t do this)
  • Complexity: Complex b/c needs to make specialized sex cells (sperm, eggs)
  • Number of parents: 2 parents
  • Process: 1. Sperm + eggs combine 2. Zygote forms from fertilization 3. Zygote grows to embryo
  • Genetic variation: yes, half distributed from parents but DNA depends how much
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3
Q

Aesexual Advantages and Disadvantages

1. F 2. O 3. D 4. L

A

Advantages:
1. Faster
2. Only 1 parents needed
3. Does not require specialized sex cells
4. Less energy
Disadvantages:
1. All offsprings are genetically identical
2. If genetically identical, diseases + mutations more deadly

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4
Q

Sexual Advantages and Disadvantages

1. O 2. M

A

Advantages:
1. Offspring have genetic variation
2. More likely have more parental aid to help with offspring survival
Disadvantages:
1. Slower
2. More energy
3. Have to make specialized sex cells (time + energy)

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5
Q

Homozygous/Purebred

A
  • Organism with 2 or the same trait(s)
    Ex. 2 purple flower traits
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6
Q

Heterozygous/Hyrbrid

A
  • Organism with 2 different trait(s)
    Ex. 1 purple + 1 white trait
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7
Q

Dominant

A
  • Trait that dominates, blocks, or hides other trait
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8
Q

Recessive

A
  • Trait hidden by other trait
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9
Q

DNA

A
  • Genetic info passed from parent to child
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10
Q

Chromosome

A
  • Large strucutre made up of tightly coiled DNA + proteins (46)
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11
Q

Gene

A
  • Section of DNA codes for specific trait
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12
Q

Alleles

A
  • Different versions of trait
  • Comes from genes
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13
Q

Protein

A
  • Product of specific gene strucutre
  • Function: whatever job responsible for
    Ex. Flower Color Gene - protein made from DNA –> makes it pigmented
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14
Q

Phenotype

A
  • Physical characteristics of organism
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15
Q

Genotype

A
  • Genetic makeup of organism
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16
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A
  • Neither of alleles hides the other –> blend
    Ex. Red (RR) White (Ww) –> Pink (Rw)
17
Q

Co-Dominance

A
  • Neither of alleles hides the other –> both seen equally
    Ex. white horse + red horse = Roan Horse
18
Q

Multiple Alleles

A
  • More than 2 alleles for a trait
    Ex. blood types
19
Q

Sex-Linked

A
  • Autosome: chromosome pairs 1-22
  • Sex chromosome: last pair determines sex
  • Def: trait carried on sex chromosome
  • Mainly inherited by: males b/c mostly carried in y (expressed in phenotype)
    Ex. color blindness
20
Q

Mutation

A
  • Permanant change in sequence of DNA
  • Environmental factors: expose to X-rays, ultraviolet light, radioactive materials, some chemicals –> cancer
  • Location of inherited mutations: sperm or egg
21
Q

Results of Positive Mutation

A
  • Beneficial to organism
22
Q

Results of Negative Mutation

A
  • Harmful to organism
23
Q

Results of Neutral Mutation

A
  • Neither beneficial/harmful
24
Q
A