Reproduction Flashcards
Aesexual Reproduction
Type, complexity, number of parents, genetic variation, and process
- Type: unicellular and multicellular
- Complexity: simple
- Number of parents: 1
- Genetic variation: none (all identical)
- Process: 1. Copy DNA 2. Cell splits in half 3. Two identical offspring form
Sexual Reproduction
Type, complexity, number of parents, process, and genetic variation
- Type: multicellular (uni can’t do this)
- Complexity: Complex b/c needs to make specialized sex cells (sperm, eggs)
- Number of parents: 2 parents
- Process: 1. Sperm + eggs combine 2. Zygote forms from fertilization 3. Zygote grows to embryo
- Genetic variation: yes, half distributed from parents but DNA depends how much
Aesexual Advantages and Disadvantages
1. F 2. O 3. D 4. L
Advantages:
1. Faster
2. Only 1 parents needed
3. Does not require specialized sex cells
4. Less energy
Disadvantages:
1. All offsprings are genetically identical
2. If genetically identical, diseases + mutations more deadly
Sexual Advantages and Disadvantages
1. O 2. M
Advantages:
1. Offspring have genetic variation
2. More likely have more parental aid to help with offspring survival
Disadvantages:
1. Slower
2. More energy
3. Have to make specialized sex cells (time + energy)
Homozygous/Purebred
- Organism with 2 or the same trait(s)
Ex. 2 purple flower traits
Heterozygous/Hyrbrid
- Organism with 2 different trait(s)
Ex. 1 purple + 1 white trait
Dominant
- Trait that dominates, blocks, or hides other trait
Recessive
- Trait hidden by other trait
DNA
- Genetic info passed from parent to child
Chromosome
- Large strucutre made up of tightly coiled DNA + proteins (46)
Gene
- Section of DNA codes for specific trait
Alleles
- Different versions of trait
- Comes from genes
Protein
- Product of specific gene strucutre
- Function: whatever job responsible for
Ex. Flower Color Gene - protein made from DNA –> makes it pigmented
Phenotype
- Physical characteristics of organism
Genotype
- Genetic makeup of organism