Reproduction

Question 1

Scrotum

Answer 1

• A bag of skin which holds the testes

Question 2

Testes

Answer 2

The two testes (one of them is called a testis) are contained in a bag of skin called the scrotum.

• Main function: to produce millions of male sex cells called sperm
• and to make male sex hormones, which affect the way a man’s body develops.

Question 3

Sperm tube

Answer 3

• Carries sperm to the penis

Question 4

Penis

Answer 4

• Has two main functions: to pass urine out of the man’s body
• and to pass semen into the vagina of a woman during sexual intercourse.
• The urethra is the tube inside the penis that can carry urine or semen.

Question 5

Urethra

Answer 5

• The urethra is the tube inside the penis that can carry urine or semen.

Question 6

Glands

Answer 6

• Add fluids to sperm to make semen

Question 7

Vagina & Urethra

Answer 7

• Receives the sperm
• The vagina is a muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s body.
• A man’s penis goes into the woman’s vagina during sexual intercourse..
• The urethra is separate from the vagina, and is used for passing urine from the body

Question 8

Ovary

Answer 8

• Where the eggs are made
• The two ovaries contain hundreds of undeveloped female sex cells called egg cells or ova.

Question 9

Uterus

Answer 9

• Where the baby grows -
• The uterus is also called the womb.
• It is a muscular bag with a soft lining.
• The uterus is where a baby develops until its birth.

Question 10

Cervix

Answer 10

• The opening of the uterus -
• It keeps the baby in place while the woman is pregnant.

Question 11

Oviduct

Answer 11

• Carries the egg the to the uterus
• also known as the fallopian tubes

Question 12

Umbilecal cord

Answer 12

• The umbilical cord is linked to the placenta
• and is responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients to the baby.

Question 13

Placenta

Answer 13

• The placenta is responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients,
• it removes waste substances.
• It grows into the wall of the uterus
• is joined to the foetus by the umbilical cord.
• It does stop drugs, alcolhol, caffine or nicotine! (bad for the foetus)

Question 14

Fertilisation

Answer 14

• Happens during sexual intercourse
• the man’s penis releases semen into the woman’s vagina.
• Sperm travels in semen from the penis and into the top of the vagina.
• They enter the uterus through the cervix and travel to the egg tubes.
• If a sperm cell meets with an egg cell there, fertilisation can happen.
• if fertilsation happens and embryo is formed

Question 15

Development of the foetus

Answer 15

The foetus relies upon its mother as it develops. These are some of the things it needs:

• protection
• oxygen
• nutrients (food and water).

It also needs its waste substances removing.

• The foetus is protected by the uterus and the amniotic fluid, a liquid contained in a bag called the amnion.

Question 16

Puberty

Answer 16

• The reproductive system of a child is not mature and needs to change as a boy or girl develops into an adult,
• These changes begin between the ages of ten and fifteen.
• The time when the changes happen is called puberty.

Question 17

Why does puberty happen?

Answer 17

• The changes happen because of sex hormones produced by the testes in boys and by the ovaries in girls.
• Some changes happen in boys and girls, while others just happen in boys or girls.

Question 18

Changes which happen to both boys and girls during puberty

Answer 18

• underarm hair grows
• pubic hair grows
• body smell gets stronger.
• emotional changes
• growth rate increases

Question 19

Changes to boys only during puberty

Answer 19

• voice breaks (gets deeper)
• testes and penis get bigger
• testes start to produce sperm cells
• shoulders get wider
• hair grows on face and chest

Question 20

Changes to girls only during puberty

Answer 20

• breasts develop
• ovaries start to release egg cells (periods start)
• hips get wider.

Question 21

The menstrual cycle

Answer 21

• The female reproductive system includes a cycle of events called the menstrual cycle.
• It lasts about 28 days, but it can be slightly less or more than this.
• The cycle stops while a woman is pregnant.

Question 22

Main features of the menstrual cycle

DAY 1

Answer 22

• The start of the cycle, day 1, is when bleeding from the vagina begins.
• This is called menstruation or having a period.

Question 23

Main features of the menstrual cycle

Day 5

Answer 23

• By the end of about day 5, the loss of blood stops.
• The lining of the uterus begins to re-grow
• an egg cell starts to mature in one of the ovaries.

Question 24

Main features of the menstrual cycle

Day 14

Answer 24

• At about day 14, the mature egg cell is released from the ovary.
• This is called ovulation.
• The egg cell travels through the egg tube towards the uterus.

Question 25

What happens if the egg cell does NOT meet with a sperm cell?

Answer 25

• the lining of the uterus begins to break down
• and the cycle repeats.

Question 26

What happens if the egg cell DOES meet with a sperm cell?

Answer 26

• If the egg cell meets and joins with a sperm cell, it is fertilised.
• It attaches to the lining of the uterus
• and the woman becomes pregnant.

Question 27

Birth

Answer 27

• After nine months the baby is ready to be born.
• The cervix relaxes
• muscles in the wall of the uterus contract,
• the baby is pushed out of the mother’s body.