Reproduction

Question 1

melatonin

Answer 1

• from pineal gland

- mediates reproduction in seasonally breeding animals

Question 2

pineal gland

Answer 2

• secrete melatonin

Question 3

kisspeptin

Answer 3

• estrogen influence GnRH release by altering release of kisspeptin

Question 4

male reproductive system

Answer 4

• consists of testes, internal genitalia (accessory glands and ducts), and external genitalia

Question 5

urethra

Answer 5

common passageway for sperm & urine.
runs through ventral shaft of penis
surrounded by corpus spongiosum

Question 6

corpora cavernosa

Answer 6

constitute erectile tissue of penis

Question 7

glans

Answer 7

tip of penis is enlarged into glans that is covered by foreskin or prepuce at birth

Question 8

foreskin

Answer 8

cover glans

removed by circumcision

Question 9

scrotum

Answer 9

part of male external genitalia (along with penis)

external sac into which testes migrate

Question 10

cryptorchidism

Answer 10

failure for testes to descend
80% spontaneously descent later
if no descent, sterile

Question 11

seminiferous tubules

Answer 11

part of testes
site of sperm production
contain spermatogonia and Sertoli cells
blood-testis barrier
sperm released into lumen of seminiferous tubule, then out of testis

Question 12

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 12

prostate enlargement causes difficulty in urinating by narrowing passageway
treated by finasteride, a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor that blocks DHT

Question 13

testosterone/androgen

Answer 13

testosterone bound to androgen-binding protein is less lipophilic and cannot diffuse out of tubule lumen.
inhibit LH and GnRH
mediated by Sertoli cells which have androgen receptors
androgens are anabolic hormones that promote protein synthesis, athletes take them, side effect temporary infertile

Question 14

male accessory glands and ducts

Answer 14

prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland

accessory gland protect male reproductive tract from pathogens

Question 15

semen

Answer 15

sperm + secretion from accessory glands

include sperm, mucus, water, buffer, nutrients, enzymes, zinc, prostaglandins

Question 16

mucus of semen

Answer 16

lubricant

from bulbourethral glands

Question 17

bulbourethral glands

Answer 17

also known as Cowper’s glands

secrete mucus, buffer, of semen

Question 18

water of semen

Answer 18

liquid medium. from all accessory glands

Question 19

semen buffer

Answer 19

neutralize acidic environment of vagina. from prostate and bulbourethral glands

Question 20

prostate gland

Answer 20

secrete buffer, nutrient citric acid, enzymes of semen

Question 21

semen nutrients

Answer 21

nourish sperm
include fructose, citric acid, vitamin C, carnitine
fructose and vitamin C from seminal vesicles
citric acid from prostate
carnitine from epididymis

Question 22

seminal vesicles

Answer 22

secrete fructose and vitamin C as nutrients in semen

secrete enzymes and prostaglandins of semen

Question 23

epididymis

Answer 23

secrete carnitine as nutrient in semen

Question 24

enzymes of semen

Answer 24

clot semen in vagina, then liquefy clot

from seminal vesicles and prostate

Question 25

zinc of semen

Answer 25

unknown function (possibly fertility)
unknown souce

Question 26

prostaglandins

Answer 26

responsible for smooth muscle contraction, aid in sperm transport.
from seminal vesicles

Question 27

primary sexual characteristics

Answer 27

internal sex organs and external genitalia

Question 28

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 28

male: inverted triangle body shape, beard, body hair growth, muscular development, thickening of vocal chords, libido (sex drive)