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Bio FTE > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define asexual reproduction

A

the production of new organisms from a single parent

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2
Q

what is the purpose of asexual reproduction

A

to create new genetically identical organisms

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3
Q

define sexual reproduction

A

the process of producing new offspring

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4
Q

what is the purpose of reproduction

A

to ensure the continuity/prevent extinction of a species

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5
Q

what are the parts of a male reproductive system

A
  1. testis (plural, testes)
  2. epididymis
  3. scrotum
  4. sperm duct
  5. urethra
  6. penis
  7. sex glands
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6
Q

what is the function of the testes

A

produce sperm and male hormones (testosterone)

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7
Q

what is the epididymis

A

where sperms are stored temporarily

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8
Q

what is the function of the sex glands

A

produce seminal fluid which contains nutrients and enzymes to activate the sperms

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9
Q

what is semen

A

a mixture of sperms and seminal fluid

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10
Q

what is the scrotum

A

a bag of skin which holds the testes outside the body, to provide a lower temperature for healthy production of sperms

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11
Q

what is the sperm duct

A

a tube that carries sperms to the penis

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12
Q

what is the penis

A

the organ from which sperms exit the body and is deposited into the vagina of a female

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13
Q

what is the urethra

A

a tube that carries semen and urine at different times

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14
Q

is the ureter part of the reproductive system

A

no tf it isnt

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15
Q

what is the ureter

A

a tube that links the kidney to the urinary bladder

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16
Q

what is the male gamete

A

sperm (plural, sperms)

17
Q

what is the female gamete

A

ovum (plural, ova)

18
Q

where is the male gamete made

A

testis (plural, testes)

19
Q

where is the female gamete made

A

ovary

20
Q

how many chromosomes does a sperm have

A

23 chromosomes

21
Q

how many chromosomes does an ovum have

A

23 chromosomes

22
Q

name the different structures of a sperm

A
  1. acrosome
  2. cytoplasm
  3. nucleus
  4. plasma membrane
  5. mitochondria (singular, mitochondrion)
  6. flagellum
23
Q

what is the function of the acrosome

A

produce enzymes to be able to penetrate the ovum

24
Q

what is the function of a nucleus

A

to control and regulate the activities in the cell

25
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria

A

produce energy for the movement of the sperm

26
Q

what is the function of the flagellum

A

generate and regulate motility (for the sperm)

27
Q

what is the size of a sperm

A

very small / microscopic

28
Q

what is the shape of a sperm

A

like a tadpole

29
Q

how many sperms are released through the sex organ

A

millions

30
Q

why do only hundreds out of millions of sperms released reach the ovum

A

many sperms are released to increase the chance of fertilisation

some die before they reach the ovum

some swim to the other oviduct without the ovum

31
Q

name the structures of the female reproductive system

A
  1. ovary (plural, ovaries)
  2. oviduct / fallopian tube
  3. uterus
  4. cervix
  5. vagina
32
Q

what is the function of the ovaries

A

to produce eggs and female hormones (oestrogen and protesterone)

33
Q

what is the function of the oviduct / fallopian tube

A

connects the ovary to the uterus

the funnel of the oviduct collects the ovum

34
Q

what is the uterus

A

where the fetus grows during pregnancy

35
Q

what is the cervix

A

the narrow opening of the uterus

becomes wider during birth of baby

36
Q

what is the vagina

A

muscular tube where sperms from the penis are deposited

37
Q

name the different structures of the ovum

A
  1. outer membrane
  2. plasma membrane
  3. cytoplasm
  4. mitochondria

Bio FTE (3 decks)

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