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anatomy year 3 > Reproduction 1 - Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproduction 1 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 categories the male reproductive system can be grouped into?

A

The External Genitalia (penis, urethra, scrotum)

The Gonads (testes) where gametes or sex cells are produced and also site for production of male sex hormones

The Tube System – transports the sperm from the gonads

The Accessory Glands – support the sperm and lubricate the copulatory organs.

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2
Q

What are some of the organs of the male reproductive system?

A

Testis

Epididymis

Ductus Deferens

Seminal glands

Prostate

Bulbourethral glands

(TEDSPB)

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3
Q

What is A?

A

Urinary bladder

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4
Q

What is B?

A

Ureter

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5
Q

What is C?

A

Vas deferens

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6
Q

What is D?

A

Seminal glands

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7
Q

What is E?

A

Prostate

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8
Q

What is F?

A

Bulbourethral glands

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9
Q

What is G?

A

Urethra

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10
Q

What is the name of the canal that the testis pass through during development?

A

Inguinal canal

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11
Q

What are the deep and superficial openings of this canal called?

A

Superficial and deep inguinal rings

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12
Q

What is A?

A

External spermatic fascia

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13
Q

What is B?

A

Cremaster muscle and fascia

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14
Q

What is C?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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15
Q

What is D?

A

Deep inguinal opening

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16
Q

What are the 3 fascial layers of the inguinal canal from superficial to deep?

A
  1. External spermatic fascia
  2. Cremaster muscle and fascia
  3. Internal spermatic fascia
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17
Q

What does the inguinal canal carry?

A

group of structures known as the spermatic cord

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18
Q

What are the 6 main structures of the spermatic cord?

A

Pampiniform plexus

Ductus deferens

Cremasteric artery

Testicular artery

Artery of the ductus deferens

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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19
Q

What are the ovoid testes suspended in the scrotum by?

A

Spermatic cord

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20
Q

What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis called?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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21
Q

What are the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Visceral and parietal

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22
Q

What material is present between the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Cavum vaginale

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23
Q

What are 2 pathologies associated with the tunica vaginalis?

A
  • Hydrocele
  • Haematoceles
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24
Q

What is hydrocele?

A

Swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle

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25
Q

What causes hydrocele?

A

Injury or inflammation within the scrotum

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26
Q

What is haematocele?

A

Swelling caused by blood collecting in a body cavity

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27
Q

What causes haematocele?

A

Trauma to the testicles

28
Q

The testis are supplied by what?

A

Testicular artery

29
Q

What is the testicular artery a branch of?

A

Abdominal aorta

30
Q

At what vertebral level does the testicular artery arise?

A

L2-L3

31
Q

How does the testicular artery travel between the abdominal aorta and the inguinal canal?

A

These arteries travel retroperitoneally and cross two important structures near the pelvic brim before they travel through the inguinal canal.

  1. Ureters 2. Common iliac artery
32
Q

What 2 structures does the testicular artery cross before entering the inguinal canal?

A

1) Ureters
2) Common iliac artery

33
Q

What is the term used for the 8-12 anastomosing veins associated with the testis?

A

Pampiniform plexus

34
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Thermoregulation to allow sperm maturation

35
Q

Into which veins does the right and left testicular vein drain into?

A

The right testicular vein drains into IVC

The left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

36
Q

What is a varicocele?

A

Enlargement of the veins within scrotum

37
Q

What is the main cause of varicocele?

A

Defective valves

38
Q

What 2 lymph node groups receive lymph from the testis?

A

Para-aortic and Lumbar

39
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the following:

  • prostate
  • seminal vesicle
  • scrotum
  • penis
A

Prostate: Internal iliac and sacral nodes

Seminal vesicle: Internal and external lymph nodes

Scrotum: Inguinal lymph nodes

Penis: Deep inguinal lymph nodes

40
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

attached to the body of the testis and stores sperm that is produced by the testis.

41
Q

What is the vas deferens and what does it connect?

A

A muscular tube which arises from the tail of the epididymis

It traverses the inguinal canal and enters the pelvis by crossing over the external iliac vessels

It terminates by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct

42
Q

What vessel does the vas deferns cross after entering the pelvis?

A

External iliac vessels

43
Q

What does the vas deferens form when it joins the duct of the seminal gland?

A

Ejaculatory duct

44
Q

What are the seminal glands also called?

A

Seminal vesicles

45
Q

Where are the seminal glands located?

A

paired structures located on either side of the posterior surface of the bladder

(note their relation to the ureter, the vas deferens and the prostate gland)

46
Q

What secretions are produced by the seminal vesicles?

A

seminal fluid

  • thick fluid contains fructose, proteins, citric acid, inorganic phosphorus, potassium and prostaglandins
47
Q

What is the prostate gland infused to and what does it surround?

A

The prostate gland is fused to the inferior part (neck) of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra

48
Q

What secretions are produced by the prostate?

A
  • proteolytic enzymes
  • prostatic acid
  • phosphatase
  • fibrinolysis
  • zinc and prostate-specific antigen
49
Q

What is A?

A

Vas deferens

50
Q

What is B?

A

Ureter

51
Q

What is C?

A

Seminal vesicle

52
Q

What is D?

A

Prostate

53
Q

Why might an enlarged prostate gland cause retention of urine?

A

Due to obstruction of urethra

54
Q

What is the clinical significance of drainage from the prostatic venous plexus? (Think of how cancer spreads)

A

prostatic venous plexus drains into the internal iliac vein which connects with the vertebral venous plexus (route of bone metastasis of prostate cancer)

55
Q

What are bulbourethral glands also called?

A

Cowper’s glands

56
Q

Where are bulbourethral glands located?

A

urogenital diaphragm

57
Q

Where do bulbourethral glands release into?

A

penile/spongy urethra.

58
Q

What secretions are produced by bulbourethral glands?

A

Alkaline mucus like fluid (Cowper’s fluid)

59
Q

Describe the histological features of the testis (seminiferous tubules)?

A

Convoluted tubules sectioned in various planes

4-8 layers of cells

Spermatozoa in the lumen

Leydig cells in the interstitial spaces between tubules

60
Q

Describe the histological features of the prostate?

A

Serous alveoli with infolding epithelium

Trabeculae of muscular stroma

Amorphous eosinophilic masses, called corpora amylacea, in the alveoli in older men

61
Q

Describe the histological features of the seminal vesicle?

A

No sperms in the lumen

Highly recessed and irregular lumen forming crypts and cavities giving a honey-combed appearance

Well-developed muscular externa

62
Q

Describe the histological features of the ductus deferens?

A

Lumen Stellate in shape

A thick-walled muscular tube

Epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds

63
Q

What is this image?

A

ductus deferens

64
Q

What is this image?

A

Seminal vesicle

65
Q

What is this image?

A

epididymis

66
Q

What is this image?

A

testes

67
Q

What is this image?

A

prostate

anatomy year 3 (18 decks)

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