Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Leuprolide

A

1) Use: Infertility (Pulsatile), Prostate Cancer (continuous + flutamide), uterine fibroids (continuous), precocious puberty (continuous)
2) Class/MOA: GnRH analog, pulsatile use=agonist properties, continous use=antagonist properites because downregulates GnRH receptor in pituitary causing decrease FSH/LH
3) Side effects/ADEs: Antiandrogen, N/V
4) Fun Facts Leuprolide can be used in lieu of GnRH

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2
Q

Testosterone, methyltestosterone

A

1) Use: Hypogonadism, development secondary sex characteristics, stimulates anabolism to promote recovery after burn or injury
2) Class/MOA: Agonist at androgen receptor
3) Side effects/ADEs: Masculinization in females, reduces intratesticular testoerone b/c inhibit relase of LH causing gonadal atropy, premature closing epiphyseal plate, increase LDH, decrease HDL

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3
Q

Finasteride

A

1) Use: BPH, hair growth male pattern baldness
2) Class/MOA: Antiandrogen/5alpha reductase inhibitor (decrease conversion of testosterone to DHT)
3) Side effects/ADEs: Female breast growth

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4
Q

Flutamide

A

1) Use: Prostate carcinoma

2) Class/MOA: Antiandrogen/ nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgesn at testosterone receptor

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5
Q

Ketoconazole

A

1) Use: Polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism
2) Class/MOA: Antiandrogen/ inhibits 17,20 desmolase and inhibits steroid synthesis
3) Side effects/ADEs: Gynecomastia and amenorrhea

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6
Q

Sprionolactone

A

1) Use: Polycytic ovarian syndrome prevent hirsuitsm
2) Class/MOA: Antiandrogen/inhibits steroid binding
3) Side effects/ADEs: Gynecomastia and amenorrhea

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7
Q

Estrogens (ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol)

A

1) Use: Hypogonadism, ovarian failure, menstural abnormalities, HRT postmenopausal, men with androgen dependent prostate cancer
2) Class/MOA: Binds estrogen receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: Increase risk endometrial cancer, bleed postmenopausal, vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma if exposed to DES in utero, increase risk thormbi
4) Fun Facts: contraindicated if ER positive breast cancer or history of DVTs

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8
Q

Clomiphene

A

1) Use: Infertility and PCOS
2) Class/MOA: Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs)/ partial agonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus, prevents normal feedback inhibition and increases relase of LH and FSH from pituitary and stimulates ovulaiton
3) Side effects/ADEs: Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies, visual disturbances
4) Fun Facts: Remember, infertile, take clomiphene have twins, seeing double

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9
Q

Tamoxifen

A

1) Use: Treat and prevent recurrence ER positive breast cancer
2) Class/MOA: SERM/Antagonist on breast tissue

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10
Q

Raloxifene

A

1) Use: Osteoporosis

2) Class/MOA: SERM/Agonist on bone, reduces resorption of bone

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11
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy

A

1) Use: Relief/prevent menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, vaginal atrophy) and osteoporosis
2) Class/MOA:
3) Side effects/ADEs: Unopossed estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) causes increase endometrial cancer so add progesterone, possible increase in CV risk

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12
Q

Anastrozole/ exemestane

A

1) Use: Postmenopausal women with breast cancer

2) Class/MOA: Aromatase inhibitor

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13
Q

Progestins

A

1) Use: OCP, Mirena IUD, treatment of endometrial cancer and abnormal uterine bleeding
2) Class/MOA: Binds progesterone receptors, reduce growth and increase vascularizaiton of endometrium
4) For OCP have to take at same time everyday so not as effective contraceptive

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14
Q

Mifepristone (RU 486)

A

1) Use: Terminiation of pregnancy +misoprostol (PGE1)
2) Class/MOA: Competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: Heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorexia), abdominal pain

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15
Q

Oral contraception (synthetic progestins, estrogen)

A

1) Use: Prevent pregnancy
2) Class/MOA: Estrogen and progestins inhibit LH/FSH and prevent estrogen surges so no LH surge and no ovulaiton. Progestins cause thickenign of cervical mucus, limiting access of sperm to uterus. Also inhibits endometrial proliferation, making endometirum less suitable for implanation of embryo
3) Side effects/ADEs: Contraindicated in smokers >35 yo becuase increase risk of DVT and CV events, patients with history of thormoembolism and storke or estrogen dependent tumor

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16
Q

Terbutaline

A

1) Use: Reduces premature uterine contraction

2) Class/MOA: B2 agonist that relaxes the uterus

17
Q

Tamsulosin

A

1) Use: BPH
2) Class/MOA: Alpha 1 antagonist, inhibits smooth muscle contraction. Selective for alpha 1 A,D receptors on prostate (not vascular alpha 1B receptor)

18
Q

Sildenafil, vardenafil

A

1) Use: Erectile dysfunction
2) Class/MOA: Inhibits phosphodiesterase 5, increase cGMP, smooth muscle relaxaiton in corpus cavernosum, increase blood flow and penile erection
3) Side effects/ADEs: Headache, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue green color vision, risk of life threatening hypotension in patients taking nitrates “Hot and sweath” but then Headace, Heartburn, Hypotension
4) Fun Facts: DON’T USE WITH NITRATES

19
Q

Danazol

A

1) Use: Endometriosis and hereditary angioedema
2) Class/MOA: Synthetic androgen acts as partial agonist at andorgen recpetors
3) Side effects/ADEs: Weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinizaiton, decrease HDL levels, hepatotoxicity