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Systemics- Repro and Endocrine > Repro > Flashcards

Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What portion of the primitive gonad becomes the ovary?

A

The outer cortical layer

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2
Q

What promotes development of the male repro tract?

A

SRY gene–> SOX9 expression–> Hormones produced by Sertoli cells and Interstitial cells

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3
Q

What promotes development of the female repro tract?

A

Activation of WNT4, DAX1, and SF1 genes; SOX9 inhibition (as opposed to products from the gonad)

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4
Q

What embryonic structure forms the female tubular organs?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

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5
Q

What embryonic structure contributes to the male and female sex cords and rete?

A

Mesonephric tubules

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6
Q

What is a key diagnostic feature of chimerism (freemartinism)? What gross lesion is always present?

A

Poorly formed vesicular glands attached to the uterus; Lack of communication with the vagina

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7
Q

How does chimerism occur?

A

Male fetus sterilizes the female by testis-determining factors, inhibiting ovarian development

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8
Q

Cystic rete arise from ____________

A

Mesonephric tubule segments

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9
Q

Common repro cyst in mares; what embryonic structure does it arise from?

A

Fimbrial cyst; paramesonephric duct

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10
Q

Most common cause of mastitis in heifers

A

Coagulase negative Staphylococci

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11
Q

Most common cause of mastitis in older cows

A

Coagulase positive Staph aureus

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12
Q

What causes Epizootic Bovine Abortion (foothills abortion) and how is it transmitted?

A

Novel deltaproteobacterium; tick-borne (Ornithidoros); use silver stain, gram -

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13
Q

Who is affected by foothills abortion?

A

Pregnant heifers exposed to ticks for the first time; abortion or weak calves

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14
Q

Gross findings with foothills abortion; key histo

A

Ascites, lymph organ enlargement, thymic atrophy; granulomatous thymic inflammation

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15
Q

Who commonly gets pyometra? Who does not?

A

Dog and cow; Mare and queen

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16
Q

When does pyometra occur in cattle, vs. dogs?

A

Postpartum, vs. post estrus in dogs

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17
Q

Key histo with pyometra

A

Marked endometrial hyperplasia and progestational proliferation ALWAYS

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18
Q

What is progestational change?

A

Epithelial cells enlarged, columnar, vacuolated, with small, pyknotic nuclei

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19
Q

Brucella species that affect goats; cattle; swine; dogs

A

B. melitensis; B. abortus; B. suis

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20
Q

Features of Brucella organism

A

Gram -, intracellular

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21
Q

Brucella pathogenesis; where in trophoblast does Brucella replicate?

A

Ingestion–>regional lymph nodes (lymphadenitis)–>hematogenous spread to spleen, mammary, pregnant uterus, testis; RER

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22
Q

What weird place does brucella sometimes end up

A

Synovial structures

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23
Q

Characteristic gross lesions with brucella (in placenta)

A

Intercotyledonary exudate, edema fluid in fetal membranes

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24
Q

Key histo with brucellosis in female? in male? in fetus?

A

Intercotyledonary necrosis, especially adjacent to cotyledons, with intervillus area most affected, and trophoblasts stuffed with bacteria, vasculitis; necrotizing orchitis/epididymitis (tail); pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia, and hepatitis

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25
Q

Cause of contagious equine metritis; how is it transmitted; key histo

A

Taylorella equigenitalis; sexually; purulent endometritis and cervicitis

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26
Q

Cause of peripartum endometritis in goats (recent article)

A

Paeniclostridium sordellii (gram + rods)

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27
Q

How is brucellosis in swine different?

A

Produces focal granulomatous lesions or skeletal/joint lesions (osteomyelitis), and affects nonpregnant uterus

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28
Q

What is the comon brucellosis disease in sheep causes by B. ovis? characteristic histo lesion?

A

Epididymitis in rams; characteristic sperm granuloma

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29
Q

Pathogenesis of Brucella canis

A

Ingestion, or venereal, abortion after 50 days, testicular degeneration and epididymitis in males

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30
Q

What type of organism is ureaplasma?

A

Mycoplasmataceae

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31
Q

What is the portion of the placenta affected by ureaplasma? Key histo?

A

Amnion; macs and plasma cells; nonsuppurative alveolitis in fetus

32
Q

What type of organism is coxiella?

A

Rickettsiaceae; obligate intracellular, Giemsa, modified ZN

33
Q

Most common reservoir of coxiella; common coinfection in sheep and goats

A

Dairy cows, goats, sheep; toxoplasma gondii and chlamydophila

34
Q

Only organ gross lesions occur in with coxiella; appearance and localization of exudate

A

Placenta; thickened and leathery, with areas of mineralization, exudate worst in the intercotyledonary area

35
Q

Histologic appearance of coxiella

A

Trophoblast hyperplasia, diffuse suppurative placentitis, cotyledonary and intercotyledonary necrosis

36
Q

How to differentiate coxiella from chlamydophila?

A

No vasculitis, trophoblasts distended by foamy, pale blue microcolonies

37
Q

Type of organism- Chlamydophila; stain

A

Gram -, obligate intracellular bacteria, reticulate and elementary bodies; forms inclusions; Giemsa, modified ZN

38
Q

Chlamydophila abortus causes _____ in _________. AKA

A

Abortion; sheep, goats, cattle; ovine enzootic abortion

39
Q

If infected with chlamydophila abortus during early gestation, ewe ______; if infected later gestation, ewe will __________.

A

Abort in final trimester, or stillbirth/weak lamb; abort in the next pregnancy

40
Q

Gross lesions with chlamydophila abortus

A

Placenta looks like brucella, but equal involvement of cotyledons and intercotyledonary; prominent vessels due to marked vasculitis

41
Q

Key histo with chlamydophila

A

Marked vasculitis, fibrinoid necrosis, Necrotizing placentitis with chlamydial inclusions in trophoblasts

42
Q

Most common cause of mycotic placentitis; pathogenesis in cattle?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus; then zygomycetes; hematogenous arrival, begins in placentomes, then abortion late in gestation

43
Q

Gross lesions with mycotic placentitis in cow

A

Greatly enlarged cotyledons, necrotic with swollen margins (cupping)

44
Q

How do mares get mycotic placentitis

A

Ascending infection, begins at the cervical star

45
Q

What is pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH); who is affected?

A

Segmental endometrial hyperplasia that resembles pregnancy implantation sites; dog only

46
Q

Classic histo with PEH

A

Broad-based polypoid or band of protruding tissue, 3 discrete layers (deep glandular, connective tissue, luminal epithelial junctional)

47
Q

TVT cell of origin; pathogenesis; karyotype

A

Histiocyte; cells transplanted and grow like a graft, spontaneous regression in <6 months; 57/58/59 chromosomes

48
Q

Clin path finding with TVT

A

polycythemia due to EPO production

49
Q

Stains for TVT

A

Lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin

50
Q

Key histo for TVT

A

Round cells, mitoses, lymphocytes, intracytoplasmic vacuoles (cytology)

51
Q

Disease seen from:
Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis
Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus
Campylobacter jejuni

A

Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis- infertility in cattle, abortion in cattle and sheep
Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus- abortion in sheep
Campylobacter jejuni- abortion in sheep

52
Q

Fetal lesion seen; key histo

A

Targetoid hepatic lesions; multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

53
Q

Key histo with subinvolution of placental sites

A

Heavily vacuolated cytoplasm (progestational), necrotic debris, endometrial regeneration and degenerating tophoblasts invading myometrium

54
Q

Key histo with ovotestes

A

Hypoplastic seminiferous tubules in medulla, ovarian tissue around periphery

55
Q

Most common testicular tumor in aged horses

A

Seminoma

56
Q

Gross appearance of:
Seminoma
Sustentacular
Interstitial

A

Seminoma- White soft bulgey
Sustentacular- White and tough, lobulated
Interstitial- yellow, soft, contains hemorrhage and cysts

57
Q

Which testicular tumors produce hyperestrogenism? Associated lesions?

A

Sustentacular (more commonly) and interstitial; prostatomegaly with squamous cell metaplasia, bone marrow suppression

58
Q

Histo appearance of:
Seminoma
Sustentacular
Interstitial

A

Seminoma- round, no stroma, mitoses, lymphocytes
Sustentacular- palisading, columnar cells with fibrous stroma, lipid droplets
Interstitial- polyhedral cells, granular/vacuolated cytoplasm, lipochrome pigment, cytoplasmic invag, scant stroma

59
Q

IHCs for:
Seminoma
Sustentacular
Interstitial

A

Seminoma- PLAP, GATA4 negative
Sustentacular- inhibin, AMH
Interstitial- GATA4 positive

60
Q

EM findings with Sustentacular tumor

A

Intercellular junctions and crystals of charcot-bottcher

61
Q

Findings associated with granulosa cell tumors in the mare

A

Anestrous, continuous estrus, or male behavior

62
Q

Findings associated with granulosa cell tumors in the dog

A

Atrophy of contralateral ovary, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, pyometra

63
Q

IHC for dysgerminoma

A

SALL4, vimentin

64
Q

Who gets fibroadenomatous hyperplasia?What mediates hyperplasia in cat mammary?

A

Intact female cats <2; Progesterone

65
Q

Histo with fibroadenomatous hyperplasia

A

Proliferation of lactiferous ducts, separated by concentric or loose, edematous myofibroblastic stroma

66
Q

What feline breed is predisposed to mammary carcinoma

A

Siamese

67
Q

What are deciduomas associated with

A

Pseudopregnancy

68
Q

What does toxoplasma cause? Gross lesions?

A

Abortion in sheep and goats; leukomalacia in cerebral white matter of lamb, encephalitis, pneumonia, hepatitis; white flecks/nodules on cotyledons

69
Q

Histo with toxo

A

Edematous villi, necrosis, mineralization*, and organism in parasitophorous vacuole or free

70
Q

What does toxo bind to on target cells?

A

Laminin

71
Q

What does EHV-1 cause?

A

Respiratory disease most commonly, neurologic dz, abortion, neonatal dz

72
Q

Difference between subtype 1 and 2

A

Subtype 1- more severe respiratory disease, more neuro dz and abortion
Subtype 2- mild respiratory dz, less abortion

73
Q

Gross lesions with EHV-1

A

Fetus fresh state, but severe pulmonary edema*** with fibrin casts
Hepatic necrosis

74
Q

Histo with EHV-1

A

Bronchiolitis/bronchitis with INIBs
Hepatitis with INIBs

75
Q
A

Systemics- Repro and Endocrine (3 decks)

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