Repro

Question 1

Female reproductive tract : name all 7 parts

Answer 1

Ovaries, oviducts, uterus, uterine horn, cervix, vagina, external genitalia/vulva

Question 2

What are the two main roles of ovaries

Answer 2

Producing gametes and hormones

Question 3

Oviducts: the Infundibulum does what?

Answer 3

Fimbriae (hairs) collect ova

Question 4

Oviducts : ampulla and isthmus do what?

Answer 4

Transport of ova to uterus

Question 5

Where is the site of fertilisation?

Answer 5

Ampulla

Question 6

What are the three main uteri types and briefly describe ? And give an example of what species they relate to.

Answer 6

Duplex uteri - two cervical canals with seperate uterine horns - marsupial/rabbit
Bicornuate uteri - two uterine horns and a small body (can be long and short) - mares/cows/sows
Simplex uteri - prominent uterine body and limited horn development- primates

Question 7

What are the three types of oestrous cycles and briefly describe.

Answer 7

Polyoestrous: continuous and regular (cow,pig, rodent)
Seasonal polyoestrous: regular in certain seasons (ewe, doe, mare)
Monoestrous: one period per year (dog, wolf, fox)

Question 8

What are the two stages of hormonal regulation? And briefly describe

Answer 8

Follicular phase : Period of time writhing the cycle between Copora lutea to ovulation
Luteal phase : time between ovulation and corpora lutea regression

Question 9

What are the key components of the follicular phase?

Answer 9

The development of copora lutea and the production of progesterone in anticipation of pregnancy

Question 10

Once male and female chromosomes are paired, allowing fusion to occur at which point the zygote enters the initial phase of embryogenesis what are the 4 things the embryo must do?

Answer 10

1- continue development with the zona pellucidia
2- hatch from the zonal into a free floating blastocyst
3- provide signalling to allow recognition of pregnancy
4- develop extra embryonic membranes

Question 11

Hormonal regulation of oestrus has 4 stages in the follicular phase what are the 2 phases and how many hours/days are each? And in the luteal phase. Which one goes up and which goes down?

Answer 11

Follicular
Proestrus: 3 days
Oestrus 24-36 hours

Luteal
Metoestrus: 5 days
dioestus 13 days +

Proestrus goes up and metoestrus goes down

Question 12

Placental classification: what are the 4 classifications?

Answer 12

Diffuse, cotyledonary, zonary/zonal and discoid

Question 13

What are the three states of parturition?

Answer 13

1: contractions and removing the influence of progesterone
2: expulsion of the foetus
3 expulsion of foetal membranes

Question 14

Name the male reproduction parts

Answer 14

Spermatic cord, Scrotum, testies, epidiymis, ductus deferens (vas deferens) accessory sex glands, penis

Question 15

What is the purpose of the epididymis in males? 5 points

Answer 15

Maturation of spermatozoa in testies, storage, secretion of hormones, muscle contraction and transport to ductus deferens

Question 16

After spermatozoa are produced where do they move?

Answer 16

Through to the epididymis to undergo final processing to become fertile

Question 17

4-14 days the sperm does what?

Answer 17

Moves from the caput to corpus to cauda of the epidiymus which provides storage until ejaculation

Question 18

What is the purpose of the ductus deferens in males?

Answer 18

Transport mature spermatozoa to the ampullae

Question 19

What is the difference between the bore and stallion ejaculation compared to bull and ram?

Answer 19

Bore and stallion deposit sperm after cervix

Question 20

What sets the stallion testies apart?

Answer 20

They are horizontal orientation

Question 21

Within the testies, spermatozoa are produced by what process?

Answer 21

Spematogenisis

Question 22

What are the 3 stages in spermatogenesis?

Answer 22

1- mitotic proliferation
2- meiosis
3 - packing

Question 23

Prior to spermatozoa what are the 3 things that must occur?

Answer 23

1- secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus
2- secretion of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary
3 - secretion of testosterone and oestrogen

Question 24

List 5 signs of male puberty

Answer 24

Masculine traits
First ejaculation
Age of spermatozoa in ejaculation
Age of spermatozoa in urine
Threshold of spermatozoa reached

Question 25

What are the 3 signs of female maturity

Answer 25

Age at first oestrus
Age at first ovulation
Age at which can successfully support pregnancy

Question 26

The ovary consists of the ovarian cortex which provides housing for what 2 things? And the ovarian medulla which provides housing for what 3 things?

Answer 26

Ovarian Cortex : oocytes and corpus luteum

Ovarian Medulla : blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

Question 27

How long is the oestrus cycle in cows?

Answer 27

Average 21 days

Question 28

Cattle have what type of placenta?

Answer 28

Cotyledonary placenta

Question 29

When the cow is pregnant cycling does not occur due to the elevated what,
from where, that exert a negative feedback on what neurons?

This prevents secretion of what, from where, which allows what?

Answer 29

Elevated : progesterone
From : corpus luteum and or the placenta
Negative feedback : GnRH neurons

Prevents secretion of : FSH and LH
From : pituitary
Allows: follicular development and ovulation

Question 30

What are 3 other causes of anoestrus?

Answer 30

Retained placenta, nutritional aneoestus and lactational anoestrus

Question 31

lactational anoestrus is not just about the sucking it is caused by what 3 things?

Answer 31

Visual encounter with the offspring, olfactory (smell) and auditory (mother communicating with the calf)

Question 32

Nutritional anoestrus is characteristic by the absence of what?

Answer 32

GnRH from hypothalamus and provides inadequate secretion of gondatrophins which caused inactive ovaries

Question 33

What does suckling initiate? From where? Which is important for what 2 things?

Answer 33

Oxytocin release
Posterior pituitary
Milk ejaculation and continued uterine contraction