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Computer Science > Representing data > Flashcards

Representing data Flashcards

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1
Q

In computers, how is data and instructions represented?

A

Binary

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2
Q

What type of number system is binary?

A

Base two (0 and 1)

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3
Q

What is each digit in a binary number called?

A

Bit

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4
Q

Convert 10110 to denary

A

22

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5
Q

Convert 0100 1001 to denary

A

73

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6
Q

What is a group of 8 bits called?

A

Byte

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7
Q

How many bytes are in a kilobyte?

A

1024

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8
Q

How many kilobytes are in a megabyte?

A

1024

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9
Q

How many megabytes are in a gigabyte?

A

1024

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10
Q

How many gigabytes are in a terabyte?

A

1024

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11
Q

What is half a byte (4 bits) called?

A

Nibble

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12
Q

Convert 34 (base 10) to binary?

A

0010 0010

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13
Q

Convert 115 (base 10) to binary

A

0111 0011

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14
Q

What is 1 + 1 in Binary?

A

10 (binary)

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15
Q

1101 + 1011 (binary)

A 
1  1  0  1
    1  0  1  1
-----------
1  1  0  0  0
-----------
    1  1  1   1

=11000

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16
Q

What is an overflow error?

A

When the result of binary addition is too big to fit the available space

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17
Q

Why do programmers use hexadecimal numbers?

A

Easier to recognise and remember than large binary numbers.

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18
Q

What is 27 (hexadecimal) in denary?

A

39 (base 10)

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19
Q

What is BD (hexadecimal) in denary?

A 
B = 11
D = 13
11*16 = 176
13*1 = 13

176+13 = 189

= 189

20
Q

What is 197 (base 10) in hexadecimal?

A

197 / 16 = 12
(remainder of 5)

12 / 16 = 0
(remainder of 12)

12 (den) = C (hex)
5 (den) = 5 (hex)

= C5

21
Q

Convert 10100011 to hexadecimal

A 
1010 = 10 (base 10)
0011 = 3 (base 10)
10 = A (hex)
3 = 3 (hex)

= A3

22
Q

Convert C5 (hex) to binary

A 
C = 12 (base 10)
5 = 5 (base 10)
12 = 1100
5 = 0101

= 1100 0101

23
Q

How are characters represented on a computer?

A

By a binary code

24
Q

What determines the number of characters or symbols that can be used?

A

The number of bits

25
Q

ASCII Example

A is

A

1000001

26
Q

How are images stored on a computer?

A

Using binary

27
Q

What is metadata?

A

Data about the data

E.g. Data to tell the computer how to properly interpret the binary data of the image file to display it (resolution)

28
Q

What is the height and width of an image measured in?

A

Pixels

29
Q

What is a pixel?

A

One “dot” in an image

30
Q

What determines the number of bits required to code for one pixel?

A

How many colours each pixel can represent

31
Q

What is colour depth measured in?

A

bpp (bits per pixel)

32
Q

Define resolution

A

The number of pixels per unit

Eg dots per inch (dpi)

33
Q

The greater the resolution, the _____ the file size.

A

Larger

34
Q

What happens if a bit mapped image is enlarged?

A

Pixelated or blocky

35
Q

How is an analogue sound converted into digital?

A

Sampling

36
Q

What is a sample interval?

A

The time between each sample.

37
Q

The greater the sample interval the _____ the sample rate

A

Lower

38
Q

What happens when a sound is sampled at a low rate?

A
  • Few samples are taken.
  • There is a poor match between the original and the sampled sound.
  • A small file size is required.
39
Q

What happens when sound is sampled at a higher rate?

A
  • More samples are taken
  • There is a good match between the original and sampled sound
  • A large file size is required
40
Q

Define bit rate

A

The amount of space used for each sample

41
Q

A high bit rate means

A
  • More accurate sampling at each point which gives a better quality
  • More data needs to be stored so there will be a larger file size
42
Q

What process does the CPU do with instructions?

A

Fetch, decode, execute

43
Q

What is a computer instruction split up into?

A

Operator and operand

44
Q

What does an operator represent?

A

An operation to do to the operand

45
Q

What does an operand represent?

A

The data that the instruction uses

46
Q

What is the operator and operand for:

10011011

A

1001 1011

Operator Operand

47
Q

What is an accumulator?

A

A register in the CPU used to store the results of an calculation

Computer Science (6 decks)

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