Representation

Question 1

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 1

the language we use determines how we see the world

Question 2

Loftus

Answer 2

did research into how verbs used in questions can affect memory, using eye witness testimony of a car accident

Question 3

Deutscher

Answer 3

suggests a soft version of thr Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - rather than determining how we think, language creates ‘habits of mind’

Question 4

linguistic determinism

Answer 4

linkd to S-W hypothesis - language determines how we think and see the world

Question 5

linguistic reflectivism

Answer 5

language reflects our values and attitudes rather than determining them

Question 6

habits of mind

Answer 6

according to Deutscher, the language we speak creates these - e.g. if our language has gendered nouns, it makes us think more about gender

Question 7

Aitchison

Answer 7

a refectivist who discusses ‘the euphemism treadmill’ - we have to keep changing the language we use for some groups because of semantic derogation

Question 8

semantic derogation (or perjoration)

Answer 8

the meaning of a word deteriorates over time

Question 9

asymmetry

Answer 9

words which seem to be pairs do not have equal connotations, and this reveals unequal power relations

Question 10

marked terms

Answer 10

terms which are different when they refer yo different groups

Question 11

stereotypes

Answer 11

a narrow view of a whole group based on a few characteristics - can be created and reinforced by language used about that group

Question 12

politically correct language

Answer 12

language which is intended to avoid offence and be inclusive

Question 13

collocation

Answer 13

words and phrases that often occur together within a specific context

Question 14

commutation test

Answer 14

change a key word or image in aa text for another word or image to see how this affects meaning

Question 15

Norberg

Answer 15

In 2016 Catherine Norberg investigated collocations of the word girl and the word boy online.