Replication Flashcards
Why is the reproduction of viruses referred to as ‘replication’ instead?
As viruses are not cells, the term ‘replication is used instead of ‘reproduction’.
How do viruses replicated themselves?
Viruses cannot replicate themselves; they only multiply by using the energy and structures of a live host cell.
What supplies the energy for viruses to replicate themselves?
using the energy and structures of a live host cell.
What type of parasite are viruses?
obligate parasites.
Why are viruses known as obligate parasites?
Viruses cannot replicate themselves; they only multiply by using the energy and structures of a live host cell.
For this reason viruses are said to be obligate parasites.
Define a bacteriophage
A bacteriophage (or phage) is a virus that infects bacteria
What are the most complex viruses?
Bacteriophages are the most complex and best studied viruses.
What is the length of the replication cycle of a typical bacteriophage (e.g. the T-phage)?
The replication cycle of a typical bacteriophage such as the T-phage takes about 30 minutes
What method do viruses use to infect humans?
the replication cycle is the way in which most viruses infect human cells.
What is the first stage in viral replication?
attachment
What does the virus attach to first? (how does attachment process begin)
The virus attaches to the host cell.
What happens once a virus attaches to the host cell?
Proteins on the virus match up with receptor sites on the host wall or membrane.
Why are viruses often specific to one particular host?
Proteins on the virus match up with receptor sites on the host wall or membrane.
What is the second stage of replication called?
Entry
What happens at the beginning of the entry stage?
/
What happens after the proteins on the virus match up with receptor sites on the host wall or membrane?
The virus forms a hole in the host cell and viral nucleic acid pull though.
Does the whole bacteriophage enter the bacterium?
The protein coats of bacteriophages stay outside the bacterium.
What happens when viruses enter animal cells?
When viruses enter animal cells the protein coats also enter, but are digested.
What happens after a virus enters the cell and the protein coats remain outside or desolve?
The host nucleic acid (DNA) is made inactive.
What happens once the host nucleic acid (DNA) is made inactive?
The viral nucleic acid uses the host’s organelles to produce new viral nucleic acid and proteins.
What does the viral nucleic acid use to produce what?
(2 points)
Uses: host’s organelles
To produce: new viral nucleic acid and proteins
What happens in the stage of assembly?
New viruses are made inside the host cell using the viral molecules that have been produced.
What is used to make new viruses in the inside of the host cell?
New viruses are made inside the host cell using the viral molecules that have been produced.
What is the final stage of viral replication?
release
What happens after new viruses are made inside the host cell?
Very often the host cell bursts to release between 100 and 100 000 new viruses. The bursting of the host cell is called lysis.
What is the bursting of a cell known as?
lysis
List the 5 stages of viral replication in order
attachment
entry
synthesis
assembly
release
