Replication

Question 1

Why is the reproduction of viruses referred to as ‘replication’ instead?

Answer 1

As viruses are not cells, the term ‘replication is used instead of ‘reproduction’.

Question 2

How do viruses replicated themselves?

Answer 2

Viruses cannot replicate themselves; they only multiply by using the energy and structures of a live host cell.

Question 3

What supplies the energy for viruses to replicate themselves?

Answer 3

using the energy and structures of a live host cell.

Question 4

What type of parasite are viruses?

Answer 4

obligate parasites.

Question 5

Why are viruses known as obligate parasites?

Answer 5

Viruses cannot replicate themselves; they only multiply by using the energy and structures of a live host cell.

For this reason viruses are said to be obligate parasites.

Question 6

Define a bacteriophage

Answer 6

A bacteriophage (or phage) is a virus that infects bacteria

Question 7

What are the most complex viruses?

Answer 7

Bacteriophages are the most complex and best studied viruses.

Question 8

What is the length of the replication cycle of a typical bacteriophage (e.g. the T-phage)?

Answer 8

The replication cycle of a typical bacteriophage such as the T-phage takes about 30 minutes

Question 9

What method do viruses use to infect humans?

Answer 9

the replication cycle is the way in which most viruses infect human cells.

Question 10

What is the first stage in viral replication?

Answer 10

attachment

Question 11

What does the virus attach to first? (how does attachment process begin)

Answer 11

The virus attaches to the host cell.

Question 12

What happens once a virus attaches to the host cell?

Answer 12

Proteins on the virus match up with receptor sites on the host wall or membrane.

Question 13

Why are viruses often specific to one particular host?

Answer 13

Proteins on the virus match up with receptor sites on the host wall or membrane.

Question 14

What is the second stage of replication called?

Answer 14

Entry

Question 15

What happens at the beginning of the entry stage?
/
What happens after the proteins on the virus match up with receptor sites on the host wall or membrane?

Answer 15

The virus forms a hole in the host cell and viral nucleic acid pull though.

Question 16

Does the whole bacteriophage enter the bacterium?

Answer 16

The protein coats of bacteriophages stay outside the bacterium.

Question 17

What happens when viruses enter animal cells?

Answer 17

When viruses enter animal cells the protein coats also enter, but are digested.

Question 18

What happens after a virus enters the cell and the protein coats remain outside or desolve?

Answer 18

The host nucleic acid (DNA) is made inactive.

Question 19

What happens once the host nucleic acid (DNA) is made inactive?

Answer 19

The viral nucleic acid uses the host’s organelles to produce new viral nucleic acid and proteins.

Question 20

What does the viral nucleic acid use to produce what?
(2 points)

Answer 20

Uses: host’s organelles

To produce: new viral nucleic acid and proteins

Question 21

What happens in the stage of assembly?

Answer 21

New viruses are made inside the host cell using the viral molecules that have been produced.

Question 22

What is used to make new viruses in the inside of the host cell?

Answer 22

New viruses are made inside the host cell using the viral molecules that have been produced.

Question 23

What is the final stage of viral replication?

Answer 23

release

Question 24

What happens after new viruses are made inside the host cell?

Answer 24

Very often the host cell bursts to release between 100 and 100 000 new viruses. The bursting of the host cell is called lysis.

Question 25

What is the bursting of a cell known as?

Answer 25

lysis

Question 26

List the 5 stages of viral replication in order

Answer 26

attachment
entry
synthesis
assembly
release