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YEAR 2 Stats > Repeated measures one-way ANOVA > Flashcards

Repeated measures one-way ANOVA Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate the F value with a t value?

A

F = t^2

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2
Q

Used when we have 1 IV with more than 2 levels, within participants

A

One-way repeated measures ANOVA

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3
Q

What contributes to variance between IV levels in repeated measures designs?

A
  1. Manipulation of IV (treatment effects)
  2. Experimental error (random error and potentially constant error)
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4
Q

Variance between IV levels due to individual differences is absent

a. Independent designs
b. Repeated measures design

A

b. Repeated measures design

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5
Q

What contributes to variance within IV levels in repeated measures designs?

A
  1. Experimental error (random error)
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6
Q

Variance within IV levels due to individual differences is absent

a. Independent designs
b. Repeated measures design

A

b. Repeated measures design

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7
Q

Total variance is the sum of…?

List 3 things

A
  1. Variance between IV levels
  2. Variance within IV levels
  3. Individual differences
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8
Q

What is the formula for the t/F ratio for repeated measures designs?

A

t/F = variance between IV levels / (variance within IV levels - variance due to individual differences)

or

t/F = MSM / MSR

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9
Q

The variance ‘caused’ by
our manipulation of the IV and error variance is known as…?

A

Variance between IV levels

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10
Q

Includes only error variance

This is known as…?

A

Variance within IV levels (excluding variance due to individual diffs)

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11
Q

Variance between IV levels

a. includes only error variance

b. includes the variance ‘caused’ by our manipulation of the IV and error variance

A

b. includes the variance ‘caused’ by our manipulation of the IV and error variance

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12
Q

Variance within IV levels (excluding variance due to
individual diffs)

a. includes only error variance

b. includes the variance ‘caused’ by our manipulation of the IV and error variance

A

a. includes only error variance

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13
Q

When F value is close to 0, is the variance between IV
levels relative to within IV levels small or large?

A

Small

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14
Q

When F value is far from 0, is the variance between IV
levels relative to within IV levels small or large?

A

Large

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15
Q

Small variance between IV
levels relative to within IV levels

a. F value far from 0
b. F value close to 0

A

b. F value close to 0

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16
Q

Large variance between IV
levels relative to within IV levels

a. F value far from 0
b. F value close to 0

A

a. F value far from 0

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17
Q

A dating website wants to find out if certain date locations result in better match success rates. They send 10 website members
on 4 dates each (with 4 suitable matches, randomly allocated to pair them on each date).

The different dates take place in a restaurant, a pub, a bowling alley and a cinema.

After each date, the participants are asked to rate their match in terms of
levels of attraction (a likert scale where 1 = no attraction and 7 = lots of attraction)

What are the:

a. IVs
b. IV levels
c. DV
d. Subjects design
e. Type of test

A

a. Date location
b. 4 (restaurant, pub, bowling alley, cinema)
c. Levels of attraction on a likert scale
d. Within subjects
e. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA

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18
Q

What are the 3 assumptions of repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A
  1. Normality
  2. Sphericity (homogeneity of covariance)
  3. Equivalent sample size
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19
Q

What is the normality assumption for a repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A

The distribution of difference scores under each IV level pair should be normally distributed

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20
Q

What is the sphericity (homogeneity of covariance) assumption for a repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A

The variance in difference scores under each IV level pair should be reasonably equivalent

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21
Q

How do we check for Sphericity (homogeneity of covariance) on SPSS?

A

Mauchly’s test of sphericity

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22
Q

How do we correct for Sphericity (homogeneity of covariance) on SPSS?

A

Greenhouse-Geisser

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23
Q

What is the non parametric equivalent for a repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A

Friedman Test

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24
Q

Friedman Test is a non parametric equivalent for…?

A

Repeated measures one-way ANOVA

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25
Q

What do we do when Mauchly’s test shows p < .05?

A

We reject H0, the data is not homogenous

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26
Q

Where on SPSS do we look for Mauchly’s W statistic?

A

On the ‘Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity’ table under the ‘Mauchly’s W’ column

27
Q

Where on SPSS do we look for Mauchly’s p-value?

A

On the ‘Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity’ table under the ‘Sig.’ column

28
Q

Where on SPSS do we look if Mauchly’s p-value is not significant (homogenous)?

A

‘Sphericity Assumed’ row

29
Q

Where on SPSS do we look if Mauchly’s p-value is significant (heterogenous)?

A

‘Greenhouse-Geisser’ row

30
Q

How do you present the F value for repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A

F(dfM,dfR) = F-value, p = p-value

31
Q

Variance between IV levels (incl. variance due to manipulation of the IV and error)

a. Model Sum of Squares (SSM)
b. Residual Sum of Squares (SSR)

A

a. Model Sum of Squares (SSM)

32
Q

Variance within IV levels (incl.
only error variance, but not variance due to individual differences)

a. Model Sum of Squares (SSM)
b. Residual Sum of Squares (SSR)

A

b. Residual Sum of Squares (SSR)

33
Q

What is the formula for Model Mean Square (MSM)?

A

MSM = SSM / dfM

or

MSM = Model Type III Sum of Squares / Model df

34
Q

What is the formula for Residual Mean Square (MSR)?

A

MSR = SSR / dfR

or

MSR = Residual Type III Sum of Squares / Residual df

35
Q

How do you calculate the F value based on SPSS output?

A

F = MSM / MSR

or

F. = Model Mean Square / Residual Mean Square

36
Q

How many d.p. do you present the F value in?

A

2 d.p.

37
Q

How many dfs are there for a repeated measures one way ANOVA?

A

2

  1. between IV level (model) variance
  2. within IV level (error/residual) variance
38
Q

What is the formula to calculate the df for between IV levels for a repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A

dfM = k - 1

or

dfM = number of IV levels - 1

39
Q

What is the formula to calculate the df for within IV levels for a repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A

dfR = dfM x (n - 1)

or

dfR = (number of IV levels - 1) x (sample size - 1)

40
Q

What post-hoc test is used for repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

A

Bonferroni

41
Q

What post-hoc test is used for independent one-way ANOVA?

A

Tukey HSD

42
Q

What is the formula for partial eta^2 / partial n^2?

A

partial n^2 = SSM / SSM + SSR

43
Q

How many d.p. do we report partial n^2 in?

A

3 d.p.

44
Q

Do we include a 0 before the decimal point when reporting partial n^2?

A

No

45
Q

Calculate the Cohen’s d for all comparisons

Data:

Restaurant
M = 5.35
SD = 0.99

Pub
M = 6.00
SD = 1.03

Bowling
M = 4.40
SD = 1.14

Cinema
M = 3.90
SD = 0.79

A

Restaurant - Pub
d = 5.35 - 6.00 / ((0.99 + 1.03) / 2)

d = 0.65

Restaurant - Bowling
d = 5.35 - 4.40 / ((0.99 + 1.14) / 2)

d = 0.89

Restaurant - Cinema
d = 5.35 - 3.90 / ((0.99 + 0.79 ) / 2)

d = 1.63

Pub - Bowling
d = 6.00 - 4.40 / ((1.03 + 1.14) / 2)

d = 1.47

Pub - Cinema
d = 6.00 - 3.90 / ((1.03 + 0.79) / 2

d = 2.32

Bowling - Cinema
d = 4.40 - 3.90 / ((1.14 + 0.79) / 2

d = 0.52

46
Q

What are the 3 main advantages of repeated measures designs?

A
  1. Recruitment: needs fewer participants to gain the same number of measurements
  2. Error variance (within IV levels) is reduced
  3. More power with the same number of participants
47
Q

One advantage of repeated measures design is that error variance (within IV levels) is reduced

How?

A
  • Remove variance due to individual differences from
    error variance
  • Because this variance is eliminated from our model variance (each participant acts as his/her own control)
48
Q

One advantage of repeated measures design is that there is more power with the same number of participants

Why is this an advantage?

A
  • Easier to find significant difference (avoid Type II error)
  • Because with the same variance due to IV manipulation, the resulting F/t value is larger
49
Q
  1. Recruitment: needs fewer participants to gain the same number of measurements
  2. Error variance (within IV levels) is reduced
  3. More power with the same number of participants

Are these advantages of independent or repeated measures designs?

A

Repeated measures designs

50
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of repeated measures design?

A
  1. Order effects
  2. Counterbalancing
  3. Alternatives where counterbalancing not possible
51
Q

What are the 4 types of order effects?

A
  1. Practise effects
  2. Fatigue effects
  3. Sensitisation
  4. Carry-over effects
52
Q
  1. Practise effects
  2. Fatigue effects
  3. Sensitisation
  4. Carry-over effects

These are examples of…?

A

Order effects

53
Q

How can we control for order effects?

A

Counterbalancing

54
Q

How do we control for practice effects where counterbalancing is not possible?

A

Extensive pre-study practise

55
Q

How do we control for fatigue effects where counterbalancing is not possible?

A

Short experiments

56
Q

How do we control for sensitisation effects where counterbalancing is not possible?

A

Intervals between exposure to IV levels

57
Q

How do we control for carry-over effects where counterbalancing is not possible?

A

Include a control group

58
Q

Instead of counterbalancing, extensive pre-study practise is used to control for…?

a. Practise effects
b. Fatigue effects
c. Sensitisation
d. Carry-over effects

A

a. Practise effects

59
Q

Instead of counterbalancing, a control group is used to control for…?

a. Practise effects
b. Fatigue effects
c. Sensitisation
d. Carry-over effects

A

d. Carry-over effects

60
Q

Instead of counterbalancing, short experiments are used to control for…?

a. Practise effects
b. Fatigue effects
c. Sensitisation
d. Carry-over effects

A

b. Fatigue effects

61
Q

Instead of counterbalancing, intervals between exposure to IV levels are used to control for…?

a. Practise effects
b. Fatigue effects
c. Sensitisation
d. Carry-over effects

A

c. Sensitisation

62
Q

One-way ANOVA can be applied to situations where there are ______ IV levels

a. 2 IV levels
b. 3 or more IV levels

A

b. 3 or more IV levels

63
Q

More post-hoc comparisons means _____ Cohen’s d calculations

a. More
b. Less

A

a. More

YEAR 2 Stats (10 decks)

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