Rennaissance

Question 1

Give 3 reasons why the location of city states in Italy are so successful?

Answer 1

Italy was the closest part in north Africa and the middle Easts trade routes.

Question 2

Explain why the Italian city states became so powerful and important to the rest of Europe?

Answer 2

The Italian city-states became important due to their location, economy, military strength, cultural achievements, and diplomatic influence. They were central to the development of the Renaissance of Italy and played a key role in shaping the political, economic, and cultural landscape of Europe.

Question 3

How did increases trade lead to emergence of powerful city states (ie. Florence, Venice, Genoa)?

Answer 3

It’s because they were part of Italy, and Italy was one of the main traiding posts on the Silk Road. This lead to Italy’s city-states becoming more powerful.

Question 4

Why was Italy seen as Europe’s gateway to the East? How did increased trade lead to the emergence of powerful city-states in Italy?

Answer 4

Italy was seen as Europe’s gateway to the Middle East because of it’s geographical location that is in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea pointing towards the Middle East.

Question 5

What are the four reasons for economic success in the Italian City-States? Explain them.

Answer 5

The economic success of the Italian city-states was built on their geographic location, a powerful merchant class, political independence, and a culture of innovation.

Question 6

Describe Florence, Genoa, and Venice.

Answer 6

Florence: Republic government city-states with the Medici family being the strongest ruling family and known for their powerful banking.
Genoa: A city-state with a dictator known as Andrea Doria and Genoa has powerful banking and navy.
Venice: Republic government city-states and known for their navy and books.

Question 7

Who was the Medici family? How were they so successful?

Answer 7

The Medici family were people that were loved by the people in Florence and were elected to be the people who lead Florence, they also had the most succesful bank and were patrions of the arts.

Question 8

What ideas from classical (Greek and Roman) helped shape the Renaissance humanist worldview? Give specific examples from the section.

Answer 8

The Humanist wanted to returned the classical texts and ideas of Greek and Roman which made them interested on the study of human nature.

Question 9

How can thinkers and philosophers bring about change in society?

Answer 9

Thinkers and philosophers bring about change by questioning traditional beliefs and bringing new ideas that make people see the world differently. They influence politics, culture, and education, shaping movements like democracy, human rights, and scientific progress.

Question 10

What does the art of this time tell us about the Renaissance society?

Answer 10

The art of the Renaissance reflects the values and beliefs of the time, emphasizing humanism, creativity, and a renewed interest in the natural world. It shows how society began to focus on achievements, representation, and the beauty of humanity.

Question 11

In what ways can shifts in ideas affect a society’s worldview? Give specific examples linked to specific worldview elements.

Answer 11

Shifts in ideas can transform a society’s worldview by changing how people understand themselves, their society, and the world. For example, the Renaissance’s focus on humanism brought out creativity, while the Scientific Revolution replaced traditional beliefs with evidence-based knowledge, reshaping views on science and progress.

Question 12

What was the Renaissance?

Answer 12

The revival of greek and Roman ideas. The Renaissance was a period of great discovery and advancement in Europe. It occurred in Italy during the 14th to 17th centuries. The literal meaning of Rennaisance is rebirth.

Question 13

Why was the term Renaissance used for this time? What does it mean?

Answer 13

The Renaissance means rebirth because they wanted to bring back Greek and Roman ideas.

Question 14

What areas of the Greek and Roman civilizations did Renaissance humanists look at?

Answer 14

Renaissance humanists studied Greek and Roman philosophy, literature, and art. They also looked at achievements in architecture, government, and science, drawing inspiration from classical ideals of beauty, reason, and civic responsibility.

Question 15

What three intercultural contacts lead to the Humanist Worldview?

Answer 15

1)The Crusades
2)Trade with the East
3)The fall of Constantinople (1453)

Question 16

What are the four main beliefs of the humanist about the individual?

Answer 16

1) focus on human beings
2) focus on human values
3) focus on abilities and individual work
4) focus on how humans can make society better

Question 17

What do civic humanist believe is important?

Answer 17

Civic humanists believe that doing good is important. They also think that education, virtues, and using one’s talents to improve society are all very important.

Question 18

What does the phrase “educating the whole child” mean?

Answer 18

a) well rounded education ( all subjects)
b)experience the education (street smart)
c) speak other languages
d) find out talents
e) tolerate other people
f) think for yourself

Question 19

What were some new studies that were added during the Renaissance? Why do you think these studies were added?

Answer 19

During the Renaissance, new studies like literature, history, philosophy, art, and science were added, with subjects like astronomy, anatomy, and engineering. These studies were added because of the growing interest in humanism, which lead to understanding the world and human potential, as well as the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge.

Question 20

How was religion at this time different from the Middle Ages.

Answer 20

During the Renaissance, religion remained important, but it became less central to everyday life compared to the Middle Ages. The Church’s authority was challenged by humanist ideas, as people began to focus more on individual potential and the natural world rather than solely on religious devotion. This period also saw the beginnings of the Reformation, which questioned the practices of the Catholic Church and led to new Christian denominations.

Question 21

How did the Renaissance spark the growth and exchange of ideas and knowledge across Europe (i.e.,astronomy, mathematics, science, politics, religion, arts?)

Answer 21

The Renaissance sparked the growth and exchange of ideas across Europe through humanism, which encouraged learning and the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman knowledge. The invention of the printing press made books more accessible, spreading ideas in fields like astronomy. Renaissance art and politics also evolved through patronage and exchanges between cities, while religious debates like the Reformation reshaped Europe’s spiritual landscape. These developments created a network of shared knowledge that transformed European society.

Question 22

How did the physical geography of Renaissance Europe affect trade and competition among European countries.

Answer 22

The physical geography of Renaissance Europe affected trade and competition among European countries by giving Italy more power because it was seen as Europes gateway to the East because of its easy access to the Middle East.

Question 23

How is Renaissance art different from Medieval Art?

Answer 23

Renaissance art has more detail and shadows than Medieval art does

Question 24

Explain how eight worldview elements changed from the Middle Ages times to Renaissance times.

Answer 24

Politics-Monarchy–>Unstable government
Economy-Land–>Money
Society-Feudalism–>less organized
Knowledge-Religion–>Trading ideas and 4 core subjects.
Geography-Fiefdoms–> Travelling the world
Beliefs-Roman Catholic–> Multiple religions
Values-Religion and protection - ->Money
Time-preparing for the afterlife –> to earn money

Question 25

In what ways did thinkers and philosophers influence society in the development of a humanist worldview during the Renaissance?

Answer 25

Renaissance thinkers relized the importance of individual potential and classical learning, shifting focus away from religion and encouraging human achievement in art, science, and society.

Question 26

Many changes in science occurred during the Renaissance. Explain how these 4 sciences changed in the Renaissance. DO not just list words but explain how the science changed. At least 2 examples per science

a: Astronomy
b: Medicine
c: Anatomy
d: Mathematics

Answer 26

a. Astronomy
Center of the universe: Copernicus had a theory that the earth is not the center of the universe the sun is. This was different from what people believed at the time, and was later proven to be true.
Galileo’s Telescope: People were able to see planets and stars with a closer look.
b. Medicine
Scientific Method:Doctors started using the scientific method to understand how the human body worked instead of relying on previous methods that were based on superstition.
Midwives and herbal remedies:Using herbal remedies from nature and knowledge from people like midwives to treat sick people was important during the renaissance. This was a change from relying on astrology-based remedies.
Scientific method- Doctors started using the scientific method to understand how the human body worked instead of relying on previous methods that were based on superstition.
c. Anatomy
Dissecting Bodies: People could dissect human bodies for the purpose of studying in Italy after a change in the law. This was done in classes in front of students too and it let people see and understand what the human body looked like on the inside.
Accurate anatomy drawings: Vesalius who was a professor drew accurate and detailed drawing of what the human body looked like based on dissections. These drawings allowed the knowledge of anatomy to be shared with others.
d. Mathematics
Algebra and Geometry: Astonomers started using math in astronomy and they also used it for banking and it became a important thing for the merchent class.
Art and Mathematics: Artists started using mathematics in art for symmetry and making painting look like a illusion.

Question 27

Write a paragraph discussing how that idea influenced the world we live in today. Give at least three reasons

Answer 27

Scientific discoveries from the Renaissance have had a huge impact on the world we live in today. For example, the idea that the Earth revolves around the Sun, proposed by Copernicus and supported by Galileo, changed the way we think about our place in the universe and opened the door for modern space exploration. The scientific method, which focuses on observation and testing, is now the foundation of how we do experiments and discover new things. Also, discoveries in anatomy and medicine, like the accurate drawings of the human body by Vesalius, helped doctors improve their understanding of how the body works and led to better healthcare and surgeries. These ideas have shaped how we explore, learn, and improve our lives today.

Question 28

How can discoveries in the science shape people’s worldviews? Link your answers to specific worldview elements

Answer 28

Discoveries in science can shape people’s worldviews by changing several worldview elements like knowledge, beliefs, society, values and politics.
Knowledge- scientific method to understand how things work using science.
Beliefs- scientific discoveries challenged the beliefs of the church and this was seen with the example of Galileo’s trial.
Society- There was a shift in society from relying on the church to supporting science.
Values- People were encouraged to use their experiences and observations to learn more about the world around them.
Politics- Machiavelli introduced ideas a leadership like focusing on what’s best for the state instead of traditional morals.

Question 29

What roles do leaders play in the sciences shape people’s worldviews? Link your answers to specific worldview elements.

Answer 29

During the Renaissance, many leaders tried to maintain the existing worldview by suppressing new scientific ideas, especially those that threatened their power. Church leaders, for example, banned books and punished scientists like Galileo for promoting ideas that contradicted their teachings. However, some leaders, like Isabella D’Este and the Medici family, supported the exchange of ideas and helped spread knowledge through patronage. Rulers like François 1er supported thinkers mainly to boost their court’s prestige rather than to promote science itself. Figures like Savonarola tried to shape societal values by encouraging a return to spiritual focus and rejecting materialism. Additionally, political thinkers like Machiavelli believed rulers should prioritize the state’s stability, even if it meant suppressing new discoveries that threatened their control.

Question 30

How do ideas and knowledge spread? Give me examples?

Answer 30

Ideas and knowledge spread through trade and contact with different civilization, some examples are the Crusades and the Silk Road.

Question 31

How did the Renaissance lead to the growth and exchange of ideas across Europe? Give me examples from this chapter.

Answer 31

During the Renaissance, new ideas spread thanks to humanism, the scientific method, the printing press, wealthy patrons, and increased travel. These changes led to a time of great creativity and learning, which helped shape European society and set the stage for future advancements.

Question 32

Why was the scientific method important?

Answer 32

During the Renaissance, the scientific method, which involves observing, experimenting, and drawing conclusions from evidence, led to major discoveries in fields like astronomy, medicine, and mathematics. Humanism encouraged questioning old beliefs, and thinkers like Leonardo da Vinci emphasized the importance of evidence in understanding nature. This approach continues to be crucial in science today.

Question 33

How did astronomy change during the Renaissance?

Answer 33

Astronomy
Center of the universe: Copernicus had a theory that the earth is not the center of the universe the sun is. This was different from what people believed at the time, and was later proven to be true.
Galileo’s Telescope: People were able to see planets and stars with a closer look.

Question 34

How did medicine change during the Renaissance?

Answer 34

Medicine
Scientific Method:Doctors started using the scientific method to understand how the human body worked instead of relying on previous methods that were based on superstition.
Midwives and herbal remedies:Using herbal remedies from nature and knowledge from people like midwives to treat sick people was important during the renaissance. This was a change from relying on astrology-based remedies.

Question 35

How did anatomy change during the Renaissance?

Answer 35

Anatomy
Dissecting Bodies: People could dissect human bodies for the purpose of studying in Italy after a change in the law. This was done in classes in front of students too and it let people see and understand what the human body looked like on the inside.
Accurate anatomy drawings: Vesalius who was a professor drew accurate and detailed drawing of what the human body looked like based on dissections. These drawings allowed the knowledge of anatomy to be shared with others.

Question 36

What new developments in math came about during the Renaissance?

Answer 36

Mathematics
Algebra and Geometry: Astonomers started using math in astronomy and they also used it for banking and it became a important thing for the merchent class.
Art and Mathematics: Artists started using mathematics in art for symmetry and making painting look like a illusion.

Question 37

How was religion changing at this time?

Answer 37

Religion was changing at this time because people started to believe in science and the humanist approach which challeged religious beliefs.

Question 38

What was a major criticism of the church.

Answer 38

People criticized the Catholic Church for corruption, like selling indulgences. Martin Luther and Girolamo Savonarola both spoke out against the Church’s practices, with Savonarola being executed for his views.

Question 39

Explain the Protestant Reformation.

Answer 39

The reformers turned away from the authority of the pope as well as most of the principles and practices of the Catholic religion of that time

Question 40

Explain the Catholic Counter-Reformation

Answer 40

The Catholic counter-reformation was a movement meant to cleanse corruption among higher ranking priests.

Question 41

How did information spread during this time?

Answer 41

Information was spread mostly through the word of mouth during this time. Universities, the travelling of famous Renaissance scholars, artists, and thinkers and the invention of the printing press helped spread information.

Question 42

Explain the three effects of the printing press and more books on the Renaissance

Answer 42

1)Now that books were cheaper and more accessible.
2)Instead of printing books only in Latin, more books, including
translations of the Bible, were printed in the vernacular, that is,
the language that ordinary people spoke.
3)Thinkers made money from the books they wrote.

Question 43

What are some of the main ideas of Humanism? You should be able to list 4 or 5.

Answer 43

Humanists believed that:
1) Focus on human beings.
2) Focus and human values.
3) Focus on abilities and indivisual work
4) Focus on how humans can make society better.

Question 44

How did Humanist thinkers bring about change in Renaissance society?

Answer 44

Humanist thinkers changed Renaissance society by encouraging people to use reason and observation instead of blindly following the Church. They promoted education, questioned traditional authority, and inspired new ideas in politics, art, and science. By using common languages and the printing press to spread knowledge, they helped more people learn and think for themselves.

Question 45

What impact did the printing press have on the spread of ideas.

Answer 45

They made books and it was also used to get the bible around for people to understand it more.