Renal Week 2

Question 1

sOsm calculation

Answer 1

= 2xNa + BUN/2.8 + Glucose/18

Question 2

Normal sOsm

Normal uOsm

Answer 2

280-295

50-1200

Question 3

Na vs. H20 balance

Answer 3

Na balance = volume control

H20 balance = osmolarity control

Question 4

Increased Sosm leads to:

Answer 4

ADH release (retain)
Thirst reflex (increase intake)

Question 5

Most important factor for variation of K+ levels

Answer 5

Distal secretion of K+

Question 6

K+ reabsorption

Answer 6

Passive/paracellular in prox tubule

Active and transcellular in loop

Question 7

Feedback loops of K+ balance

Answer 7

Mass action (ATPase cofactor)
Hormonal (aldosterone)
Interdependence with Na

Question 8

Tubular flow and K+ secretion

Answer 8

Fast flow = more secretion (larger gradient)

Slow flow = less secretion (smaller gradient

Question 9

Alkalosis _______ K+ secretion leading to ________

Answer 9

Alkalosis increased K+ secretion (shift) leading to hypokalemia

Question 10

Acidosis _______ K+ secretion leading to _______

Answer 10

Acidosis technically decreases K+ shift, but increased H+ also inhibits Na channels -> larger tubular volume -> faster flow/larger gradient