Renal/Urology

Question 1

Renal causes of an abdominal mass in kids

Answer 1

1. Hydronephrisis
2. Polycystic kidney disease
3. Hamartoma
4. Wilm’s Tumour
5. Renal cell carcinoma

Question 2

Clinical features of hydronephrosis

Answer 2

1. Usually asymptomatic
2. Urinary tract obstruction
3. Vesicoureteral reflux
4. Benign

Question 3

Management of hydronephrosis

Answer 3

1. Genetic counselling

2. USS scanning

Question 4

Clinical features of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 4

1. Progressive renal failure
2. HTN
3. UTI
4. Concentrating defects
5. Hematuria
6. Nephrolithiasis
7. Flank pain
8. Benign

Question 5

Management of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 5

1. BP control with ACE inhibitors
2. Dietary sodium restriction
3. Statins
4. Vasopressin receptor antagonists

Question 6

Clinical features of hamartoma

Answer 6

1. Asymptomatic abdo swelling
2. Abdo pain
3. Hematuria
4. Fever, hypertension
5. Benign

Question 7

Management of hamartoma

Answer 7

1. Surgery

2. Chemo + radiation

Question 8

Clinical features of Wilm’s tumour

Answer 8

1. Asymptomatic abdo swelling
2. Abdo pain
3. Hematuria
4. Fever, hypertension
5. Malignant

Question 9

Management of Wilm’s Tumour

Answer 9

1. Surgery

2. Chem + radiation

Question 10

Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 10

1. Flank pain
2. Hematuria
3. Palpable abdo renal mass

Question 11

Management for renal cell carcinoma

Answer 11

1. Localized = surgery is curative

2. Advanced = immunotherapy + radiation