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Nur216 > Renal/Urologic Disorders > Flashcards

Renal/Urologic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Doctor that cares for the kidney system

A

Nephrologist

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2
Q

Doctor that cares for the whole kidney system (renal, kidney, nephro)

A

Urologist

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3
Q

One of the most common urologic problems
- due to stones
- enlarged prostates in male (bening prostatic hypertrophy)
- can lead to hydronephrosis and hydroureter

A

Obstructive urologic disorder

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4
Q
  • can result from obstruction of urinary pathway
  • instrumentation
  • infection can ascend up from bladder
  • symptoms: fever, chills, and pain, CVA tenderness (pain when palpating area of kidney), frequency, dysuria
  • look sick because other body system are affected
A

Nephritis - infection of kidney

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5
Q
  • caused: bacteria enters bladder
  • common in females since urethra is shorter
  • in older men due to BPH
  • common bacteria: E. coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas
  • more common in diabetes
  • can be hospital acquired due to cauterization
  • look annoyed and frequent urination
A

Cystitis - infection of the bladder

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6
Q
  • involves bladder
  • symptoms: dysuria, urgency, frequency, bladder pain, incontinence, hematuria
  • findings: pos leukocyte esterase, nitrates, cloudy urine, bacteria in culture
A

Lower UTI: bladder infection

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7
Q
  • involves the kidney
  • symptoms are systemic: flank pain, chills, malaise
  • findings: fever, pos CVA tenderness, pos UA, bacteria in culture
A

Upper UTI: Pyelonephritis

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8
Q

In elderly, UTIs often present with

A

Confusion, disorientation, and hypotension

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9
Q
  • arise from UTI/Nephritis > bacteria spread through blood stream and affects the whole body
  • seen more often in elderly or those who are physically vulnerable
  • symptoms caused by bacterial endotoxins
  • fever, chills, confusion, hypotension
  • if not treated: death
A

Urosepsis - septic infection

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10
Q

UA findings of:
- bacteria, WBCs (pyuria), hematuria (blood present), leukocyte esterase (WBC products), nitrites (bacteria present)

A

UTI

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11
Q
  • inflammation of the bladder not associated with known bacteria
  • symptoms similar to UTI/Nephritis, but not associated with bacteria: painful bladder, frequency/urgency
  • caused from infections (previous), autoimmunity, neurogenic sensitivity
A

Interstitial cystitis - painful bladder syndrome

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12
Q

Interstitial cystitis that shows small tears and hemorrhages of a thinning bladder wall

A

Non-ulcerative

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13
Q

Interstitial cystitis where bladder shows one or more ulcers (called Hunner ulcers)
- ulcers only seen with over-distention of the bladder

A

Ulcerative

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14
Q

Pelvic floor isn’t stable
- common with women who gave birth
- jumping = bladder leak

A

Stress - urinary incontinence

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15
Q

Muscle in bladder is spastic or overreactive

A

Urge or overactive bladder (OAB) - urinary incontinence

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16
Q

Over lapping of different types of urinary incontinence

A

Mixed

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17
Q

Can’t fully empty the bladder

A

Overflow - urinary incontinence

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18
Q

Caused by spinal cord injury and client isn’t able to hold or release urine

A

Neurogenic bladder - urinary incontinence

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19
Q

Client isn’t taking care of their needs to void, avoiding their bladder

A

Functional - urinary incontinence

20
Q

What does kidney release

A

Erythropoietin and VitD

21
Q

Filtration system order

A

Bowman’s capsule > glomerulus > proximal tube > loop of Henle > distal tubule

22
Q

Blood begins process of filtration, pushed through with force of hydrostatic pressure

A

Bowman’s capsule

23
Q

Amount of blood filtered by the glomerulus per min - gradually decreases after age 30

A

Glomerular filtration rate

24
Q

Term indicating filtration system where waste is exchanged and fluid retained or excreted
- body is fine tuning absorption needs and getting rid of waste
- working part of kidney

A

Nephrons

25
Q

More water is absorbed than electrolytes

A

Proximal tubule

26
Q
  • most water and salt is reabsorbed
  • where urea (nitrogenous waste) is excreted
  • levels of urea are measured by BUN
A

Loop of Henle

27
Q

High BUN

A

Azotemia

28
Q

More electrolyte absorption than water

A

Distal tubule

29
Q
  • breakdown product of muscle
  • excreted by kidneys
  • when blood level increase = kidneys not functioning properly
A

Blood creatinine

30
Q
  • UA
  • 24 hr test decrease creatinine in urine = decrease in renal function
A

Urine

31
Q
  • breakdown of purine
  • increased levels = poor kidney function
A

Uric acid

32
Q
  • amount of blood filtered by the glomerulus per minute
  • decreased GFR = decrease renal function
A

GFR

33
Q
  • urea is waste product
  • blood level increases = decrease renal function
A

BUN

34
Q
  • increase blood creatinine
  • decrease creatinine in urine
  • increase uric acid
  • decrease GFR
  • increase BUN
A

Renal function decreased and not functioning properly

35
Q

Protein in urine

A

Proteinuria - protein shouldn’t be there

36
Q
  • caused by calcium struvite (caused by upper UTI), uric acid, and cystine
  • severe pain from the costovertebral angel of back to abdomen and lower groin
A

Nephrolithiasis

37
Q
  • formation of stone (calculi) in the kidney
  • risk for developing: dehydration, hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism (release more calcium), gout (precipitation of uric acid), high purine intake (can’t process uric acid)
  • deep visceral pain
A

Nephrolithiasis

38
Q

Can lead to obstruction, back up of urine in kidney (hydronephrosis), edema in renal pelvis, restricted blood flow, compression of kidney tissue, ischemia, and renal failure

A

Nephrolithiasis

39
Q
  • caused: glomerulonephritis, diabetes, autoimmune
  • patho: endothelia cell and basement membrane damage leading to loss of protein (albumin), leading to edema because of decrease oncotic pressure
  • clinical presentation: albuminuria, low blood albumin level, edema
  • decrease albumin = dec fluid into vascular = fluid moves to tissues = edema
A

Nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

Abrupt insult to the kidney that leads to rapid decrease in renal filtration and an accumulation of nitrogenous waste in body
- can lead to end stage renal disease

A

Acute kidney injury

41
Q

3 major causes od AKI

A

pre, intra, and post renal

42
Q
  • issue happens before kidney
  • sudden and severe drop in BP or interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness
  • affect perfusion to kidney
A

Prerenal

43
Q

Direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood flow

A

Intrarenal

44
Q
  • urine back flows to kidney, and kidneys don’t like urine
  • sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury
A

Postrenal

45
Q
A

Nur216 (3 decks)

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