Renal System

Question 1

What are the main functions of the Kidney?

Answer 1

Maintain a stable internal environment
for optimal cell and tissue metabolism.
•Balance solute and water transport.
•Excrete metabolic waste products.
•Conserve nutrients.
•Regulate acids and bases.

Question 2

Kidney functions

Answer 2

•Renin: Regulation of blood pressure
•Erythropoietin: Production of
erythrocytes
•1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: Metabolism of
calcium

Question 3

________ goes into the kidney and is filtered

Answer 3

Blood

Question 4

Does the Kidney perform perform gluconeogenesis? T or F

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Kidney functions

Answer 5

• Forms urine
• Filtration
• Reabsorption
• Secretion by the glomeruli and tubules in the kidney
• Storage of the urine in the bladder that it receives from
the kidney by way of the ureters
• Removal of the urine through the urethra

Question 6

What are the three structures of the Kidney and what are their functions?

Answer 6

1. Renal cortex
   • Is the outer layer of each kidney.
   • Contains all of the glomeruli, most of the proximal tubules, and some segments of
   the distal tubule.
2. Renal medulla
   • Is the inner part of each kidney that contains tubules and the collecting duct.
   • Consists of regions called the pyramids.
3. Renal columns
   • Extend from the cortex down between the renal pyramids.

Question 7

What is the function of the Renal cortex?

Answer 7

Is the outer layer of each kidney.
• Contains all of the glomeruli, most of the proximal tubules, and some segments of
the distal tubule.

Question 8

What is the function of the Renal medulla?

Answer 8

Is the inner part of each kidney that contains tubules and the collecting duct.
• Consists of regions called the pyramids.

Question 9

What is the function of the Renal columns?

Answer 9

• Extend from the cortex down between the renal pyramids.

Question 10

• Each kidney contains ________ nephrons.

Answer 10

1.2 million

Question 11

What does the Renal corpuscle

consists of?

Answer 11

Glomerulus and Bowman glomerular capsule

Question 12

What does the Glomerulus consists of?

Answer 12

Glomerulus - Tuft of capillaries

Question 13

What does the Bowman glomerular capsule consists of?

Answer 13

1. Bowman space

2. Circular space between visceral and parietal epithelium

Question 14

Mesangial cells

Answer 14

Secrete mesangial matrix; lie between and support the glomerular
capillaries

Question 15

Mesangial cells

Answer 15

Some contract similar to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular
capillary blood flow

Question 16

What are the functions of the Mesangial cells?

Answer 16

1. Have phagocytic properties and release inflammatory cytokines and growth factors.
2. Some contract similar to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular
   capillary blood flow
3. Secrete mesangial matrix; lie between and support the glomerular
   capillaries