Renal System Flashcards
A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium of 6.0mEq/L. The nurse should plan which action as a priority?
Place the client on a cardiac monitor.
The pt with hyperkalemia is at risk of developing cardiac dysrhythmias & cardiac arrest.
A client arrives at the ER with complaints of low abdominal pain & hematuria. The client is afebrile. The nurse next assess the client to determine a hx of which condition?
Trauma to the bladder or abdomen.
Bladder trauma or injury should be considered or suspected in the client w/low abdominal pain & hematuria.
The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the client’s outflow is less than the inflow. Which actions should the nurse take?
SATA
- Check the level of the drainage bag
- Reposition the client to his/her side
- Place the client in good body alignment
- Check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks
A client being hemodialyzed suddenly becomes short of breath & complains of chest pain. The pt is tachycardic, pale, & anxious & the nurse suspects air embolism. What is the priority nursing action?
Discontinue dialysis & notify the HCP
Air embolism is an ER situation that affects the cardiopulmonary system suddenly.
Normal Glomerular filtration rate:
The creatinine clearance test provides the best estimate of GFR: GFR is 125 mL/minute.
Nephrons
- Functional units of the kidney
2. Selectively absorbs & reabsorbs ions & filtrates, including fluid, wastes, electrolytes, acids, & bases.
Antidiuretic hormone hormone (ADH)
Is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water by the kidneys.
ADH is stimulated?
ADH is stimulated by dehydration or high sodium intake & by a decrease in the blood volume.
Kidneys secrete renin for?
Secrete renin to regulate the BP & erythropoietin to stimulate stimulate the bone marrow to produce RBCs.
Kidneys also regulate:
Water volume, concentrations, pH levels
Nephron
“Real business blood processing, pee making begins”
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
Glomerular Capsule aka “Bowman’s Capsule”
Fluid & particles from the blood such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, & metabolic waste (glomerular filtrate) are filtered through the glomerular membrane into fluid-filled space in Bowman’s capsule & then enters the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Leukocytes
Pyuria
UTI
Leukocytes in the urine
Pyuria
UTI
Glucose in the urine
Glycosuria
Diabetes
Erythrocytes in the urine
Hematuria
Bleeding in the urinary tract
Proteins in the urine
Proteinuria, Albuminuria working out too much Pregnancy High BP Severe HTN Heart Failure
Actual production of urine is affected by many factors
Production of urine must be influenced by blood, specifically:
Volume & Pressure
Kidneys can only filter for so long, they have to maintain a constant flow of blood passing through the glomerulus every minute.
Glomerular Filtration Rate
When ADH is lacking
The pt develops Diabetes Insipidus
Pts who develop Diabetes Insipidus,
produce large amounts of dilute urine
TX is necessary because pt cannot drink enough water to survive.
Urine production
As fluid flows through the tubules,
Water, electrolytes, & solutes are REABSORBED
Creatinine, Hydrogen ions & Potassium are SECRETED.
Ureters
Contain smooth muscle
Ureters
Contain smooth muscle that contracts to move urine through peristalsis
