Renal System

Question 1

What are some basic functions of the kidneys?

Answer 1

• Homeostasis- water & electrolyte conc
• Produce urine
• Produce erythropoietin- rbc
• Produce renin- bp

Question 2

What are the basic components of the renal system?

Answer 2

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 3

What occurs in the cortex of the kidney?

Answer 3

Filtration

Question 4

What occurs in the medulla of the kidney?

Answer 4

Urine concentration

Question 5

What occurs in the renal pelvis of the kidney?

Answer 5

Collects urine, drains into ureter and bladder

Question 6

What is the hilum?

Answer 6

The concave point of the kidney where renal & lymphatic vessels, the ureter and nerves enter.

Question 7

What is the functioning unit of the kidney?

Answer 7

Nephron

Question 8

What is the nephron composed of?

Answer 8

Bowman’s capsule, the glomerulus, collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule.

Question 9

What will constriction of the afferent arteriole do to the GFR?

Answer 9

Decrease

Question 10

Which portion of the ANS will increase glomerular filtration?

Answer 10

Rest and digest: parasympathetic

Question 11

Three processes involved in the formation of urine?

Answer 11

Filtration, selective reabsorption, secretion

Question 12

What is the equation used to describe urinary excretion rate?

Answer 12

filtration rate – reabsorption rate + secretion rate

Question 13

Briefly describe how filtration works.

Answer 13

Difference b/w the bp in the glomerulus and the pressure of the filtrate in the glomerular capsule. Pressure of the blood and osmotic pressure oppose- filtration occurs.

Question 14

Briefly describe reabsorption.

Answer 14

Solutes (amino acids, glucose, ions) are reabsorbed by active and passive processes. Water reabsorption accompanies solute reabsorption due to osmosis.

Question 15

Briefly describe secretion.

Answer 15

Materials move into the convoluted tubules from the blood, can be active or passive.

Question 16

What are two principle effects of tubular secretion?

Answer 16

1. Secretion of H+ helps to control blood pH

2. Secretion of other substances eliminates them from the body

Question 17

What hormones is reabsorption regulated by?

Answer 17

1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
2. Aldosterone
3. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 18

Where is ADH produced and what is its function?

Answer 18

• Produced by the hypothalamus and is released into the blood by posterior pituitary gland.
• Decreases blood flow through the kidney.
• Increased water reabsorption.

Question 19

What will reducing blood flow to kidneys do to filtration rate?

Answer 19

Decrease it

Question 20

Where is Aldosterone secreted and what is its function?

Answer 20

• Secreted by the adrenal cortex
• Increases reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in distal tubules and collecting ducts.
• Water retention

Question 21

Where is ANP secreted and what is its function?

Answer 21

-Secreted by the atria of the heart in response to stretching of the atrial wall.
-Decreases reabsorption of Na+ and water in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
-Inhibits the secretion of ADH and
aldosterone
-Results in fluid excretion and reduction in blood volume