Renal system

Question 1

3 ways that Renin is released

Answer 1

1. Drop in blood pressure in Afferent arterioles detected by the granular cells. Blood pressure can drop from haemorrhage.
2. Decrease in sodium concentration detected by chemoreceptors in the tubules.
3. Direct communication from the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

Question 2

What is the function of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system

Answer 2

It is activated when our blood volume and blood pressure drops which is one of the functions of the kidneys.

Question 3

Where is renin released from and where does it go?

Answer 3

Released from the kidneys and goes into the systemic circulation

Question 4

What is the renal system made up of?

Answer 4

2 ureters, 2 kidneys, one bladder and one urethra

Question 5

Where do the Kidneys sit?

Answer 5

Back of the abdominal wall behind the peritoneal cavity- retroperitoneal.
Right kidney sits lower than the left kidney as the liver sits and pushes the right kidney down.
Top of the kidney sits at the thoracic vertebrae and has two ribs wrapping round and bottom sits at lumbar.

Question 6

Functions of kidneys

Answer 6

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Volume-blood pressure, blood volume

Concentration- sodium concentration

pH- maintaining long term acid base balance through regulation of hydrogen and bicarbonate

Metabolic- storing of glucagon, beginning of new glucose by using fats on the kidneys and breaking apart stored glycogen.

Excretory- getting rid of waste products, drugs and toxins.

Endocrine- hormone production include renin important in RRAS

Question 7

Function of kidneys

Answer 7

Filtration 120ml/min via nephrons, release Renin when blood volume and blood pressure drops.

Question 8

What is stored in the liver?

Answer 8

Angiotensin which is released into the bloodstream and combines with renin to make angiotensin 1.

Question 9

What is angiotension 1?

Answer 9

Slight vasoconstrictor
Travels to the lungs

Question 10

What does angiotension 1 do at the lungs?

Answer 10

The lungs have an ACE enzyme (angiotension coverting enzyme) which converts to angiotension 2

Question 11

What does Angiotension2 do

Answer 11

1. Vasoconstrictor- increases blood pressure
2. Goes to the efferent arterioles, smooth muscle for contraction causing a backup of blood- increasing filtration and sodium concentration
3. Travels to hypothalamus which has an anti-directic hormone to reabsorb water which increases blood volume
4. Travels to adrenal gland cortex to release aldoesterone

Question 12

What does Aldosterone do?

Answer 12

It travels to the tubules to take sodium back to the body and it is reabsorbed into the kidneys, which is where sodium/salt goes water follows.

Increase BP, BV, Filtration and sodium concentration