Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Physiology > Renal Structure And Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Renal Structure And Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Primary Functions of the Kidney?

A
  1. Excretion of waste products: urea, uric acid, creatinine
  2. Water and electrolyte balance
  3. Avid/base balance
  4. EPO and renin secretion
  5. 1,25-dehydroxi-Vit D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This part of the kidney is more susceptible to isquemia and is due to slow blood flow (⬇️PO2) ?

A
  1. Medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 renal processes of the kidney?

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is plasma filtrated in the kidney?

A

Renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Through what transport mechanism does secretion usually occur?

A
  1. Active Transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you calculate the excretion rate (Er)?

A

Er = (Filtration - Reabsorption) + Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nerve necessary for bladder filling phase ?

A
  1. Hypogastric nerve.
  2. Sympathetic NS
  3. B3–> detrusor relaxation
  4. Alpha-1: internal sphincter contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Filling of the bladder activates and deactivates the following systems?

A
  1. ⬇️Sympathetic

2. ⬆️Parasympathetic (Pelvic nerve) —> M3 receptor —> Detrusor contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the external sphincter controlled, for contraction ?

A
  1. Pudendal Motor Nerve (Nicotinic)

2. Void—> it’s inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 mechanisms by which the kidney auto regulates ?

A
  1. Myogenic response: ⬆️compliance—> ⬆️contraction

2. Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TGF: what happens to RBF and GFR with ⬆️MAP?

A
  1. ⬆️⬆️
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TGF: what happens to RBF and GFR with ⬆️Na delivery to the macula densa ?

A
  1. ⬆️Vasoconstriction

2. ⬇️RBF and GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TGF: what happens to RBF and GFR with ⬇️Na delivery in macula densa ?

A
  1. Vasodilation

2 ⬆️RBF and GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In order to maintain an ⬆️GFR, what will be the afferent/efferent interactions?

A
  1. Afferent vasodilation (⬆️downstream pressure )

2. Efferent vasoconstriction (⬆️upstream pressure )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Relationships between afferent/efferent arterioles to ⬇️GFR?

A
  1. Afferent vasoconstriction (⬇️downstream pressure )

2. Efferent vasodilation (⬇️upstream pressure )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What renal capillaries have ⬇️ hydrostatic pressure ?

A

Peritubular capillaries

17
Q

Normal GFR?

A
  1. 120 ml/min

2. 180L/day

18
Q

Main starling force for GFR?

A
  1. Glomerular Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure
19
Q

Main starling force that drives reabsorption in the tubules ?

A
  1. Tubular capillary Oncotic Pressure
20
Q

Both capillary endothelial cells and GBM have this property that repels protein filtration?

A
  1. Negatively (-) charged proteins and particles
21
Q

Plasma concentration/filtered concentration ratio for a substance freely filtered by kidney?

A

1.0

22
Q

How do you calculate filtration fraction ?

A

FF= GFR/RPF

FF= (120ml/min)/(600ml/min)

FF= .20 or 20%

23
Q

What does an ⬆️FF do to the peritubular capillary oncotic pressure?

A
  1. ⬆️⬆️

2. ⬆️⬆️Reabsorption

24
Q

What does a ⬇️FF due to peritubular capillary oncotic pressure ?

A
  1. ⬇️⬇️Oncotic pressure

2. ⬇️⬇️Reabsorption

25
Q

What does an ⬆️ in sympathetic function produce in renal function tests?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction of AA>EA
  2. ⬇️GFR < ⬇️⬇️RPF
  3. ⬆️FF
  4. ⬆️peritubular capillary oncotic pressure
  5. ⬆️tubular reabsorption
  6. ⬇️Glomerular capillary hydrostatic
  7. ⬇️peritubular capillary hydrostatic
26
Q

What does angiotensin II cause to the renal function tests?

A
  1. AA ⬆️< EA ⬆️⬆️ vasoconstriction
  2. ⬆️GFR / ⬇️RPF
  3. ⬆️FF
  4. ⬆️Hydrostatic Capillary Pressure
  5. ⬆️Peritubular Oncotic Pressure
  6. ⬇️Peritubular Hydrostatic Pressure
  7. ⬆️Peritubular reabsorption
27
Q

What does a combination of both sympathetic and angiotensin II do to kidney function?

A
  1. ⬇️GFR/ ⬇️⬇️RPF
  2. ⬆️FF
  3. ⬆️Peritubular Oncotic Pressure

IN A FEW WORDS:

⬇️GFR and ⬆️reabsorption

28
Q

Endogenous substances that protect kidney from ischemia during stress?

A
  1. PGD’s —> protect kidneys countering sympathetic vasoconstriction in AA
29
Q

Uses of ACE inhibitors and ARB in kidney conditions?

A
  1. CKD
  2. Nephrotic Syndrome

⬇️GFR

30
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARB contraindications?

A
  1. AKF (⬇️GFR) -> 😵
  2. Bilateral Renal Stenosis
    (⬇️⬇️GFR) —> death
    GFR depends on EA vasoconstriction. If you inhibit ACE or AII—> 😵
31
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARB can cause this type of Renal Tubular Acidosis?

A
  1. Type IV
  2. ⬇️Hypoaldosteronism
  3. ⬆️Hyperkalemia

Renal Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions