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Renal Medicine > Renal stones > Flashcards

Renal stones Flashcards

1
Q

Most common stones?

A

Calcium oxalate

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2
Q

Risk factors for calcium oxalate stones?

A 
Previous stones
Family history
Abdominal surgery - bariatric and resections
UTIs
HTN
Poor fluid intake
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3
Q

Treatment of calcium oxalate stones?

A

Increase fluid intake
Increase dietary calcium, potassium
Decrease dietary oxalate - green spinach and rhubarb
Decrease animal protein, sugar and salt intake
Decrease calcium - Thiazide diuretics
Alkalise urine - potassium citrate
Decrease uric acid = allopurinol

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4
Q

Cause of struvite stones?

A

UTIs with urease producing organisms

Proteus or klebsiella

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5
Q

Cause of uric acid stones?

A 
Acidic urine
Chronic diarrhoea
Gout	
DM
Obesity
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6
Q

Treatment of uric acid stones?

A

Allopurinol or fubuxostat

Potassium citrate

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7
Q

Cystinine stones?

A

Recurrent stones from early childhood
Due to genetic abnormalities

Treatment - increased fluid intake, restrict sodium and protein. Give potassium citrate

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Renal Medicine (10 decks)

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