Renal, Resp, GI Tract, Nucleic Acids, Genetics Qs 2017 Flashcards
Which one of the following factor(s) tend(s) to INCREASE the glomerular filtration rate (GFR):
Part1: decreased albumin concentration in plasma
Part2: vasodilation of the afferent (pre-glomerular) arteriole
Part3: vasoconstriction of the efferent (post-glomerular) arteriole
Part4: Options one and three are correct
Part5: all are correct
Part5: all are correct
Which one of the following best describes the function of the countercurrent multiplier in the
nephron?.
Part1: change the blood levels of K+ ions
Part2: conserve K+ ions
Part3: decrease the concentration of NaCl
Part4: decrease the concentration of glucose
Part5: increase the concentration of NaCl
Part5: increase the concentration of NaCl
During exercise which one of the following will occur?
Part1: Parasympathetic stimulation constricts afferent arterioles and reduces renal blood flow (RBF) and
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Part2: Parasympathetic stimulation relaxes afferent arterioles and increases RBF and GFR
Part3: Sympathetic stimulation constricts afferent arterioles and reduces RBF and GFR
Part4: Sympathetic stimulation constricts afferent arterioles and increases RBF and GFR
Part5: Sympathetic stimulation relaxes afferent arterioles and increases RBF and GFR
Part3: Sympathetic stimulation constricts afferent arterioles and reduces RBF and GFR
The major humoral regulator of plasma sodium concentration is which one of the following? Part1: ADH Part2: Aldosterone Part3: Angiotensin II Part4: ANP Part5: Renin
Part5: Renin
A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is which one of the following?
Part1: Increased Extracellular fluid (ECF) water concentration
Part2: Increased potassium levels in the Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Part3: Inhibition of osmoreceptors
Part4: Reduced blood volume
Part5: Stimulation of baroreceptors
Part4: Reduced blood volume
Loop diuretics such as Furosemide function by which one of the following mechanisms?
Part1: Block Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter
Part2: Block Na+ and K+ co-transporter and stimulate Cl- transportor
Part3: Decrease production of aldosterone
Part4: Increase production of aldosterone
Part5: Stimulate Na+ and K+ co-transporter and block Cl- transportor
Part1: Block Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter
In a healthy adult with a total lung volume of 6L, the amount of air present in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is about: Part1: 500 mL Part2: 1000 mL Part3: 1250 mL Part4: 2500 mL Part5: 5000 mL
Part4: 2500 mL
In which pathologic condition is lung compliance increased? Part1: Lung emphysema Part2: Lung fibrosis Part3: Respiratory distress syndrome Part4: Restrictive disease Part5: In both Option two and three
Part1: Lung emphysema
Which one of the following will cause the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the
right?
Part1: CO
Part2: Decrease in tissue 2,3 DPG concentration
Part3: Decreased temperature
Part4: Increased CO2 concentration
Part5: Increased pH
Part4: Increased CO2 concentration
The Bohr effect is explained by which one of the following?
Part1: diffusion of oxygen occurs slowly over long distances
Part2: greater pO2 outside the lungs than inside
Part3: haemoglobin binds carbon monoxide more readily than oxygen
Part4: haemoglobin unloads oxygen when it encounters low pH
Part5: oxygen is present in the atmosphere in relatively low concentrations
Part4: haemoglobin unloads oxygen when it encounters low pH
Which one of the following agonists would be used for asthma patients? Part1: a1-agonist Part2: a2-agonist Part3: b1-agonist Part4: b2-agonist Part5: b3-agonist
Part4: b2-agonist
Which one of the following best describes the consequences of a right to left shunt in the lung?
Part1: pO2 will decrease, pCO2 will increase, detected by chemoreceptors will stimulate ventilation
Part2: pO2 will decrease, pCO2 will not change, not detected by chemoreceptors and no change in
ventilation
Part3: pO2 will increase, pCO2 will decrease, detected by chemoreceptors will reduce ventilation
Part4: pO2 will not change, pCO2 will increase, detected by chemoreceptors will stimulate ventilation
Part5: pO2 will increase, pCO2 will not change, detected by chemoreceptors will reduce ventilation
Part1: pO2 will decrease, pCO2 will increase, detected by chemoreceptors will stimulate ventilation
Which one of the following is MISMATCHED?
Part1: trachea–hyaline cartilage C-shaped incomplete rings
Part2: trachea–respiratory epithelium
Part3: bronchi–hyaline cartilage as irregular plates
Part4: bronchi–pseudostratified epithelium with Clara cells
Part5: bronchioles–lacks hyaline cartilage
Part4: bronchi–pseudostratified epithelium with Clara cells
Inhibiting the secretion of cholecystokinin is best described by which one of the following?
Part1: stimulate gallbladder contraction
Part2: stimulate gastric motility
Part3: stimulate HCl secretion by parietal cells
Part4: stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion
Part5: is stimulated by amino acids in the stomach
Part2: stimulate gastric motility
Concerning HCl secretion, all the following are true EXCEPT?
Part1: It involves active transport of Cl- from oxyntic cells into interstitial fluid and bicarbonate ions in
the opposite direction
Part2: It involves active transport of H+ from oxyntic cells into the gastric lumen and K- in the opposite
direction
Part3: It involves energy derived from ATP breakdown
Part4: It involves formation of carbonic acid
Part5: It’s stimulated by gastrin, acetylcholine and histamine
Part1: It involves active transport of Cl- from oxyntic cells into interstitial fluid and bicarbonate ions in
the opposite direction