Renal Replacement Therapies Flashcards
What would nephrology services do about potential concerns of ESRD?
- MDT approach
- Monitoring of complications i.e kidney function, anaemia
- Education about treatment options
- Cardiovascular risk modifications
What can be used to find out a patient’s risk of kidney failure?
KIDNEY FAILURE RISK EQUATION
When would you refer adults with CKD to specialists?
What are the functions of the kidney?
- Production, transport, storage and elimination of urine
- Renin and EPO production
What might be done in a clinical assessment of the urinary system?
- FLUID ASSESSMENT
- BP MONITORING
- URINALYSIS - looking for pH, blood and protein, uPCR and uACR
- BLOOD TESTS - check sodium, potassium, urea, Hb and creatinine levels
- Checking number, shape and size of kidneys
- Size and shape of prostate
- Visual appearance of bladder and urethra (cystoscopy)
- Histological examination of tissue (biopsy)
How might the kidneys be supported by nephrologists in cases of abnormal urinalysis?
- Fluid monitoring
- Diuretics
- Dietary modifications - no added salt and potassium restriction
- BP control
- EPO injections
- Links to palliative care
- Support living with CKD (not DYING from ESRD)
What are the 4 main types of kidney treatment once they’re unable to support the body without external aid?
SUPPORTIVE CARE
TRANSPLANTATION
HOME DIALYSIS
HAEMODIALYSIS
How does dialysis work?
Dialysis passes blood on one side of a filter with dialysis fluid on the other. The membranes act as a sieve/colander, filtering waste products and excess water from the blood into the dialysate fluid. The used dialysate fluid is disposed of
Acts as an ‘artificial kidney’ - prevent toxin build up
Describe haemodialysis.
Describe peritoneal dialysis.
