Renal Regulation

Question 1

Afferent arteriole

Answer 1

Blood enters the capillaries if the nephron

Question 2

Glomerulus

Answer 2

Located in the Bowman Capsule

Question 3

Renal Blood flow

Answer 3

1200 mL/min

Question 4

Glomerular Filtration

Answer 4

Controlled by hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure
Feedback mechanism of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 5

Shield of Negativity

Answer 5

Repels molecules with a negative charge - albumin

Question 6

RAAS regulates

Answer 6

Flow of blood to and within glomerulus
Responds to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content

Question 7

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 7

Maintains the glomerular blood pressure at a relatively constant rate

Question 8

Macula densa

Answer 8

Located in the distal convoluted tubule
Monitors blood pressure and sodium content

Question 9

Renin

Answer 9

Enzyme produced by juxtaglomerular cells
Reacts with bloodborne substrate angiotensinogen

Question 10

Angiotensin I

Answer 10

Product of renin reacting with angiotensinogen
Passes through lungs

Question 11

Angiotensin II

Answer 11

Product of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin I
Corrects renal blood flow through vasodilation of afferent arterioles and constriction of efferent arterioles
Stimulates reabsorption of NA and H2O in PCT
Triggering release of NA-retaining hormone aldosterone

Question 12

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Answer 12

Active reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and salts
Passive reabsorption of water and urea
Secretion of organic acids and bases

Question 13

Descending Loop of Henle

Answer 13

Passive reabsorption of water

Question 14

Ascending Loop of Henle

Answer 14

Active reabsorption of NA
Passive reaborption of Urea and NA

Question 15

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Answer 15

Reabsorption of NA
Secretion of urea, uric acid, H+, NA+, and K+

Question 16

Collecting Duct

Answer 16

Reabsorption of Water
Secretion of H+

Question 17

Renal Threshold

Answer 17

Plasma concentration at which active transport stops
Glucose (160 to 180 mg/dl)

Question 18

Aldosterone

Answer 18

Regulates reabsorption of Na+ in DCT

Question 19

Vasopressin

Answer 19

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that is released by the posterior pituitary gland when amount of water in body decreases
Controls amount of water absorbed by high level of ADH, increases water absorption (makes walls permeable).

Question 20

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 20

Decreased production/function of ADH
Increased urine flow
Decreased specific gravity
Increased urine glucose

Question 21

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 21

Defect in pancreatic production of insulin, increased blood glucose
Increased urine flow
High specific gravity
Increased urine glucose