Renal Qs Flashcards
Balkan endemic nephropathy are at increased risk for ?
transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder.
Diagnosis of thin glomerular basement membrane disease is usually based on?
ersistent hematuria, normal kidney function, and positive family history of hematuria without kidney failure.
ALport Syndrome - AKA? Disorder of? Signs and Symptoms?
Hereditary nephritis; type IV collagen;
hearing loss and lenticonus (conical deformation of the lens), with proteinuria, hypertension, and kidney failure
Drug-induced tubular toxicity (for example, with vancomycin) typically occurs after? Cells on urine sediment? CBC finding?
7-10 days
none
Eosinophillia
Manage uric acid nephrolithiasis with?
Urine alkalinizaion
Diuretics that lose potency in pateints with GFR<30?
thiazides
new-onset diabetes after transplantation - provoking meds?
post-transplant meds that cause Dyslipidemia?
glucocorticoids, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus
cyclosporine and mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus)
most common presentation of IgA nephritis?
Classic presentation?
Difference in presentation from Infection-related GN? Difference in labs?
Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria
episodic gross hematuria following an upper respiratory tract infection
IgA neprhitis occurs simultanoues with infectious symtoms. IRGN occurs 7-10 days later
-IgAN has normal complement; C3 low in IRGN
membranous glomerulopathy v other nephrotic syndromes?
higher VTE risk
endothelial growth factor inhibitors? linked with this severe adverse effect?
bevacizumab and sunitinib
thrombotic microangiopathy,
referral for transplant evaluation is indicated once the estimated glomerular filtration rate is below ?
20
When is HTN not related to pregnancy state?
if before 20th week
Urine pH in Type 2 RTA?
<5.5
Bartter syndrome mimics the effect of?
a loop diuretic
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is due to?
a shift of potassium into cells and is not associated with a metabolic alkalosis
entertic hyperoxaluria is a sign of? Treat with?
IBD; cholestyramineto decrease intestinal oxalate absorption
Evidence for a CHRONIC tubulointerstitial process?
subnephrotic proteinuria, bland urine sediment, and a kidney ultrasound showing atrophic kidneys
D-lactic acidosis syptoms?
intermittent confusion, slurred speech, ataxia
In women with preeclampsia without severe features, deliver at?
37 weeks
Primary FSGS - kidney biopsy shows? treatment?
Secondary FSGS - kidney biopsy shows? treatment?
extensive foot process effacement; immunosupressive threapy
glomerular hypertrophy. with only mild foot process effacement; Weight loss and ACEi
effective hypertensive treatment options for black patients?
Thiazides and CCBs
Ethylene glycol intoxication - hallmarks? Stones?
Empiric therapy?
CNS depression, an increased anion gap, an osmolal gap, and kidney failure
Caldium oxalate
fluids, fomepizole, and bicarb if pH<7.3
Patients with chronic kidney disease and normal calcium and phosphorus levels should be treated with? why?
Vit D to reduce elevated parathyroid hormone levels and prevent renal osteodystrophy.
Bisphosphonates in CKD?
may actually worsen some types of bone disease observed in the setting of CKD, especially adynamic bone disease.
Role of DEXA in CKD?
none
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis secondary to thyrotoxicosis is characterized by?
generalized flaccid muscle weakness from a sudden intracellular potassium shift precipitated by strenuous exercise or a high carbohydrate meal.
BP in Bartter syndrome?
normal (NOT elevated)
For each 10 decrease in PCO2, serum bicarbonate falls how much in the acute setting? After a 1-2 days?
- 2
- 3-4
reduces the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease?
Oral alkali therapy to maintain serum bicarbonate levels between 23 and 29
the hallmark findings on urinalysis of interstitial nephritis?
sterile pyuria and leukocyte casts.
RPGN is associated with what on UA?
hematuria and erythrocyte casts and variable proteinuria,
preeclampsia can also be diagnosed in patients without proteinuria if?
HTN + one of the following:
- PLT<100
- Cr >1.1 or 2x baseline
- 2x elevation in AST/ALT
- Pulmonary edema
- cerbral/visual symptoms
A non-calcium–containing phosphate binder is preferred in which CKD patients? Names of meds?
Patients with calcifications of vessels;
sevelamer or lanthanum
hemodialysis patients who require iron - how do you replete?
IV iron > PO iron for HD patients
Primary MG is associated with the antibody? If negative, how does the workup change?
phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)
Evaluate for other causes of MG, including cancer
Treatment for Calcium oxalate stones with:
Hypercalciuria?
hyperoxaluria?
Hypocitraturia?
Thiazides
Calcium + cholestyramine
Potassium citrate or potassium bicarbonate (alkalize serum)
Treatment of cystine stones?
Urine Alkalinization + captopril
