Renal Physiology I Flashcards by Troy Green

Q

TBW is ___% of total body weight (kg). What indicators are linked to this compartment?

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Q

ICF is ___% of total body weight? What indicators predict this compartment?

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ECF is ___% of total body weight? What indicators predict this compartment?

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ECF is composed of?

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Q

How do you calculate total blood volume?

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Q

How do you calculate interstitial fluid?

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Q

How do you calculate intravascular plasma? What are the indicators for that compartment?

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Q

Adipocytes contain how much fluid?

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Q

How would you estimate TBW of an obese individual?

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Q

What percentages of total body water (TBW) make up ECF and ICF?

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Q

How do the kidneys regulate Na⁺ homeostasis?

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Q

What happens if the kidneys are unable to maintain normal ECF volume?

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Q

What are the key ideas of this graph?

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Q

What are the three steps you should take when analyzing a Darrow-Yannet diagram?

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Q

What happens if you infuse 2 L Isotonic Saline?

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Q

What happens if you are lost in the desert?

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Q

What is insensible water loss?

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Water loss that we are not consciously aware of, even though it occurs continually in all living humans.

700mL/day through respiratory evaporation
300-400mL/day through the skin
300-400mL/day through respiratory tract
100mL/day through sweat
100mL/day through feces

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Q

What are the major triggers of AVP/ADH (Agrinine Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone), and what do they do?

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Q

What is the major trigger of RAAS activation, what is it’s effect?

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Q

What are the two ways that the body responds to decreases in ECFV and increases in plasma Osmolarity?

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Q

3 Factors that Effect Filtration:

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Q

Explain the anatomy of the nephron and how blood flow is organized

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Q

Normal GFR per day (both kidneys)?

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Q

How many times is plasma volume (~3L) filtered/day?

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Q

Normal urine volume/day?

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Q

What are dextrans?

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Q

How does charge and size affect filterability?

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Q

How does the quality of the glomerular membrane affect filtration?

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Q

How does net filtration pressure (NFP) affect filtration?

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Q

Calculate the NFP using values below.

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Q

What does the glomerular filtrate look like compared to plasma?

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Q

Clinically, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) comes down to 2 factors…

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Q

Clinically it’s impractical to measure GFR by Kf or NFP! What is the basic theory of renal clearance?

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What is clearance?

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How do you calculate clearance?

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Q

What is the benefit of using inulin to calculate clearance?

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Renal Clearance: Inulin (Gold Standard of GFR)

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What is the benefit of using creatinine to estimate GFR?

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Renal Clearance: Creatinine (~GFR Estimate)

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How is plasma creatinine related to GFR?

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Renal Clearance: Plasma Cr inversely related to GFR!

Q

MDRD Study Equation:

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Cockcroft-Gault Equation:

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What would make the plasma Cr rise?

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Board review:

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Renal clearance:

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Q

Why is GFR clinically useful?

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How can we filter so much plasma?

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Q

What is normal renal blood flow?

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What is filtration fraction?

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Q

Why is PAH an ideal marker of plasma renal blood flow?

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Board reveiw:

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Board review:

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Board review:

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Board review:

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Q

What happens when you contrict only the afferent arteriole?

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What happens when you constrict only the efferent arteriole?

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Q

The kidney protects RBF & GFR from changes in MAP. How?

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Q

What are the following neuroendocrine influence on RBF?

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Q

Explain the myogenic mechanism of the renal arterioles

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Q

Tubuloglomerular Feedback (TGF): What happens when you decrease tubule flow?

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Tubuloglomerular Feedback (TGF): What happens when you increase tubule flow?

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Q

Explain Tubuloglomerular Feedback (TGF)

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: A decrease in AA resistance?

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: Constriction of the AA?

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: A decrease in EA resistance?

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: Constriction of the EA?

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: A lack of protein in the diet?

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: Acute obstruction (kidney stone, enlarged prostate)?

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: If your protein makes it past the filter?

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Q

What will happen to GFR if there is: Diabetes induced reduction in glomerular surface area?

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Q

Introduction to Body Fluid: 60-40-20 Rule

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Practice question:

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Practice question:

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Practice question:

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Practice question:

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Practice question:

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Practice problems: ICF/ECF Osmotic Relationships

If you have a loss of blood volume or severe adult diarrhea?

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Q

Practice problems: ICF/ECF Osmotic Relationships

If you infuse excessive isotonic saline?

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Q

Practice problems: ICF/ECF Osmotic Relationships

What happens if you have Addison’s disease and you can’t retain sodium?

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Q

Practice problems: ICF/ECF Osmotic Relationships

You get lost in Mojave Desert in June where temps sore above 120 °F…

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Practice problems: ICF/ECF Osmotic Relationships

A person eats a generous portion of NaCl

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Practice problems: ICF/ECF Osmotic Relationships

A person rides the Hotter’N Hell 100 mile bicycle race in Wichita Falls, TX in August, while only drinking pure water…

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Practice problems: ICF/ECF Osmotic Relationships

A patient case…

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