Renal Phys Flashcards
Afferent constriction
lowers GFR and RBF
Efferent constriction
raises GFR, lowers RBF
Afferent and efferent constriction
=GFR, lower RBF
Myogenic response
Autoregulatory dilation/constriction of aff/eff renal smm. Keeps RBF/GFR constant between 50-180
Tubuloglomerular feedback
Macula densa senses salt change; afferent constriction/dilation to maximize RBF/GFR and prevent ion loss/overload
Renin-AT-Aldo system
Increased sympathetics, decreased perfusion, decreased salt in macula densa then renin released
- Renin: AT–> AT-1
ACE: AT1 –> AT2
AT2: Proximal reabs of Na / Vasoconstriction, Aldosterone activation
Ureteric Bud
Derived from mesonephric ducts, form collecting structures.
Metanephric Mesenchyme (blastema)
Derived from intermediate mesoderm; urine producing tissue. INDUCES DIFFERENTIATION
Hydronephros
Kidney obstruction
Pronephros/Meso/Meta
Pro: cervical nephrotomes, mostly non-functional
meso: metanephric duct; testes
Meta: permanent kidney
Potter Sequence
Complication of bilateral renal agenesis; sometimes also caused by ARPKD.
POTTER= pulm/oligohydr/twisted face/twisted skin/extremity defects/renal failure
Horseshoe kidney
blocked ascent by IMA. Associated w/ hydronephrosis (obstruction), stones, aneuploidy chromosomal
Unilateral Agenesis renal
ureteric bud —x mesonephric duct. end up w/ only 1. usually okay, renal failure very late in life
pelvic/pancake kidney
iliac artery split
congenital virilizing hyperplasia
(adrenogenital syndrome) female pseudohermaphroditism, lack of cortisol production from adrenal & thus no negative feedback
congenital PKD
linked w/ oligohydramnios.
AR: presents in infants- renal failure, HTN, sometimes Potter sequence
AD: presents in adults- htn (inc renin), renal fialure. BERRY ANEURISM, APKD1/2 genes
Bladder development
1) Septum comes down to divide into –> ventral UG sinus & dorsal rectum
2) Exstrophy occurs (mesonephric ducts & ureteric buds insert to bladder posterior wall)
3) Bladder (continuous w/ allantois) forms urachus
Urachal fistula, cyst, sinus
allantois doesn’t completely –> urachus.
Bladder is open to the outside and urine will spill through pore
Exstrophy of bladder
protrusion through abdominal wall
Epispadia/hypospadia
In exstrophy, the urethra opens on dorsal/ventral penis
Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme forms
CT/ Smm
Paraxial mesoderm forms
Head and somites
Mesonephric vs paramesonephric ducts
meso-male
para-female
form reproductive systems, other apoptoses
