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Pharmacology I > Renal Pharmacology (Jensen's video lecture) > Flashcards

Renal Pharmacology (Jensen's video lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics - therapeutic actions

A
  • Increase nephron osmolality
  • Increase urine excretion
  • Decrease fluid electrolytes
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2
Q

Diuresis

A
  • Excretion of a large amount of urine
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3
Q

Diuretic

A
  • Drug that causes diuresis
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4
Q

Naturesis

A
  • Excretion of a large amount of sodium in the urine
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5
Q

Naturetic

A
  • Drug that causes naturesis
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6
Q

Hyponatremia

A
  • Reduced amount of sodium in the blood
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7
Q

Hypernatremia

A
  • Excess amount of sodium in the blood
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8
Q

Kaluresis

A
  • Excretion of a large amount of potassium in the urine
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9
Q

Kaluretic

A
  • Drug that causes kaluresis
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10
Q

Hypokalemia

A
  • Reduced amount of potassium in the blood
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11
Q

Hyperkalemia

A
  • Excess amount of potassium in the blood
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12
Q

Diuretics

A
  • Mannitol
  • Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
  • Furosemide
  • Spironolactone
  • Triamterene
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13
Q

Mannitol - category

A
  • Diuretic
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14
Q

Mannitol - MOA

A
  • Osmotic diuretic
  • Filtered from glomerulus into nephron, not reabsorbed from nephron, thereby increasing osmolality in nephron, and retaining water in neprhon
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15
Q

Mannitol - distinguishing characteristics

A
  • Sugar alcohol derived from mannose
  • Poorly absorbed from GI tract
  • Not metabolized
  • Excreted unchanged in urine
  • Urinary excretion equal to dose
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16
Q

Mannitol - predictable actions

A
  • Administered intravenously
  • Water diuresis proportional to dose
  • Very efficacious at high dose
  • Used to reduce elevated intracranial pressure
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17
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - trade name

A
  • Hydrodiuril
18
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - category

A
  • Diuretic
19
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - MOA

A
  • Reduces reabsorption of sodium, chlorine, and potassium from distal convoluted tubules
20
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - distinguishing characteristics

A
  • Contains sulfonamid group
  • Weak vasodilation
  • Less efficacious and less potent than loop diuretics, but can still be highly efficacious
21
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - predictable actions

A
  • Diuresis
  • Naturesis
  • Kaluresis
  • Chlorouresis
  • Used to treat edema in CHF
  • Used to treat hypertension
  • Occasional hypersensitivity reactions (sulfonamide)
22
Q

Furosemide - trade name

A
  • Lasix
23
Q

Furosemide - category

A
  • Diuretic
24
Q

Furosemide - MOA

A
  • Inhibit reabsorption of sodium, chlorine, and potassium in thick, ascending limp of loop of Henle
25
Q

Furosemide - distinguishing characteristics

A
  • Highly efficacious - “High Ceiling”
  • Can administer orally and intravenously
  • Reversible ototoxicity, esp with aminoglycosides
  • Contains sulfonamide group
  • Enhanced uric acid reabsorption
26
Q

Furosemide - predictable actions

A
  • Heavy diuresis, naturesis, kaluresis, and chlorouresis
  • Hypokalemia
  • Dehydration
  • Weakness
  • Hypotension
  • Used to treat CHF and edema
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (sulfonamide)
  • Hyperuricemia and worsening of gout
27
Q

Triamterene - trade name

A
  • Dyrenium
28
Q

Triamterene - category

A
  • Diuretic (potassium-sparing)
29
Q

Triamterene - MOA

A
  • Reabsorbs sodium from proximal tubule in exchange for potassium
30
Q

Triamterene - distinguishing characteristics

A
  • Potassium sparing
  • Weak diuretic (low efficacy)
  • Contributes to nephrolithasis
31
Q

Triamterene - predictable actions

A
  • Modest naturesis
  • Counteracts kaluresis of other diuretics
  • Alternative to potassium therapy
  • Used in conjunction with other potassium-wasting diuretics
32
Q

Spironolactone - trade name

A
  • Aldactone
33
Q

Spironolactone - category

A
  • Diuretic (potassium saving)
34
Q

Spironolactone - MOA

A
  • Aldosterone antagonist

- Prevents potassium secretion in exchange for sodium in collecting duct

35
Q

Spironolactone - distinguishing characteristics

A
  • Steroid (similar to aldosterone and testosterone)

- Protects heart from some structural changes in CHF

36
Q

Spironolactone - predictable actions

A
  • Potassium saving
  • Possible hyperkalemia with high doses
  • Occasional gynecomastia, impotence, and BPH
  • Improves survival in CHF more than other potassium saving diuretics
  • Numerous off-label uses due to inhibition of other steroids
  • Naturesis and diuresis
37
Q

Potassium - category

A
  • Electrolyte
38
Q

Potassium - MOA

A
  • Exchanges with sodium and other electrolytes to maintain membrane electrical potential
39
Q

Potassium - distinguishing characteristics

A
  • Available in enteric-coated tablets to prolong absorption time
  • Often causes abdominal distress, including vomiting and diarrhea
40
Q

Potassium - predictable actions

A
  • Replacement therapy following diuresis
  • May produce hyperkalemia
  • Excess may cause bradycardia

Pharmacology I (4 decks)

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