Renal Pharm

Question 1

Mannitol

Answer 1

Osmotic Diuretic: increases Osmolarity in the tubules to increase water retention

Uses: glaucoma, increased ICP

SE: pulmonary edema, dehydration

Question 2

Acetazolamide

Answer 2

CA Inhibitor: prevents conversion of filtered bicarb from being turned into CO2 and H2O
-results in increased bicarb secretion

Uses: Altitude Sickness, Glaucoma, urinary alkalinization

SE: Hyperchloremic Metabolic acidosis, NH3 toxicity, neuropathy

Question 3

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 3

Inhibit NaCl absorption in early distal tubule.
-increases calcium reabsorption in these cells

Uses: HTN, CHF, calcium stones, Neprhogenic DI

SE: hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia

Question 4

Ethacrynic Acid

Answer 4

Loop Diuretic: inhibits NKCC pump
-decreases Osmolarity of medulla, inhibited by NSAIDs

Uses: Edema, CHF, cirrhosis, HTN, hypercalcemia (mainly for patients with sulfa allergies)

SE: Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, Dehydration, Gout (secreted by S2 transporters, blocking Uric acid secretion)

Question 5

Triamterene

Answer 5

K+ sparing that prevents insertion of ENaC channels in the collecting duct.
-prevents sodium reapsorption and potassium excretion.

Uses: Hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, CHF

SE: Hyperkalemia

Question 6

Eplerenone

Answer 6

K+ sparing blocks aldosterone receptors. Very specific only for mineralocorticoid receptors.
-prevents signal for ENaC formation

Uses: Hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, CHF

SE: Hyperkalemia

Question 7

Furosemide

Answer 7

Loop Diuretic: inhibits NKCC pump
-decreases Osmolarity of medulla, inhibited by NSAIDs

Uses: Edema, CHF, cirrhosis, HTN, hypercalcemia

SE: SULFA ALLERGY, Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, Dehydration, Gout (secreted by S2 transporters, blocking Uric acid secretion)

Question 8

Spironolactone

Answer 8

K+ sparing blocks aldosterone receptors
-prevents signal for ENaC formation

Uses: Hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, CHF

SE: Hyperkalemia, Gynecomastia

Question 9

Amiloride

Answer 9

K+ sparing that prevents insertion of ENaC channels in the collecting duct.
-prevents sodium reapsorption and potassium excretion.

Uses: Hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, CHF

SE: Hyperkalemia

Question 10

Mediator that causes the cough in ACE inhibitors.

Answer 10

Kallikrein