Renal Patient Considerations SG

Question 1

Describe the anatomy of the urinary tract:

Answer 1

2 kidneys- filter blood to form urine

2 ureters- carry urine to bladder

bladder- stores urine

urethra- tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of body

Question 2

name the 3 primary functions of the kidney

Answer 2

1. removal of waste products such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid
2. regulation- regulates fluids, electrolytes, and acid base balance
3. secretes hormones- renin (bp) erythropoietin (RBC production) calcitrol (controls serum Ca++)

Question 3

Describe AKI and some causes:

Answer 3

usually sudden and may be reversible with early treatment, common causes are tramatic injury, or MVC, crush injury, hemorrhage, shock, dehydration, septicemia, ingestion, or inhalation of toxic substances, acute glomerulonephritis, acute pylonephritis

Question 4

Describe Chronic Kidney injuries:

Answer 4

develops over months or years and the damage is permanent. There are 5 stages of CKD, at stage 5 renal replacement therapy is required. progression can be slowed by seeing a nephrologist, controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, avoid NSAIDS and smoking

Question 5

explain the difference between AKI and CKD

Answer 5

AKI can be reversible and CKD is permanent

Question 6

What are the 2 leading causes of CKD

Answer 6

1 diabetes

Question 7

What body systems are affected by CKF?

Answer 7

skin, fluid balance, electrolyte balance- potassium, Ph Balance, cardiovascular system, nutritional status, immune system

Question 8

compare traditional versus motivational interviewing

Answer 8

motivational interviewing is PATIENT centered

traditional interviewing focus is clinition centered

Question 9

what are the benefits of motivatoinal interviewing

Answer 9

improved outcomes, increased patient involvement with their care

Question 10

list the s/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 10

blood glucose less than 70
AMS
shaking
sweating
pale
lightheaded
confusion
combative
seizure

Question 11

describe the impact of improper lab specimen collection on the quality of lab results

Answer 11

overal pt assessment

evaluation of treatment prescription

determine effectiveness of compliance with meds

track and tend outcomes

Question 12

What is the goal of the QAI process

Answer 12

the purpose of the QAI which is to provide a framework we can use to continually improve quality by improving the processes we use every day

Question 13

give 2 examples of action plans that may be iplemented and why

Answer 13

1. trend in patient falls- patient safety

2. increased catheter infections - patient safety

Question 14

List the different types of treatment options

Answer 14

1. in center
2. home
3. transplant
4. hospice

Question 15

Which option provides the patient with the most normal lab results

Answer 15

transplant

Question 16

Explain the differences between CAPD and CCPD

Answer 16

CAPD patient performs manual exchanges during the day

CCPD exchanges performed during the night using a cycler while pt sleeps

Question 17

Name 2 advantages and disadvantages of transplantation

Answer 17

closest to normal kidney function

50-85% renal function

success rate 90% working after 1st year

fewer diet restrictions

allows normal activity