Renal Pathophysiology Flashcards
What are the effects of hypokalemia
Fatigue, muscle weakness,leg cramps, parathesis, dysthrhythmias due to digitalis effect – decreases AP, decreased muscle tone
What are the effects of hyperkalemia
Neuromuscular – vague muscle weakness, ascending muscle weakness/paralysis, bradycardia, 3* HB, Vfib, Aystole. Peaked T waves, prolonged PR widened QRS
What are the effects of hyponatremia
Abdominal pain, agitation, confusion, seizures, hallucinations, hypotension
What are the effects of hypernatremia
Hypertonicity, cell dehydration ECF. Seen in infants and elders) decreased thirst mechanism
Azotemia
Excess urea and nitrogen in the blood. Leads to kidney failure
Anascarca
Generalized edema secondary to renal failure
Renal dialysis
Artifical kidney. Used for acute treatment of some conditions. Used if patien has lost more than 75% renal function
Hemodialysis
Patients blood is removed through a shunt and filter through a machine to remove waste,water,electrolytes. Usually required 3-4 times a week or toxins will build up in system and patient could become septic or have electrical disturbances.
Peritoneal Dialysis
Can be done at dialysis or at home. Serves as semi-permeable membrane and waste products are manually removed after the procedure by a syringe.
Vesicoureteral reflux
Chronic reflux of urine that goes up to the ureter
Renal Calculi
Kidney Stones
Cystitis UTI
Inflammation and swelling of the bladder. Decrease in bladder capacity
Pyelonephritis UTI
An infection that extends from the ureters and involves one or both kidneys. Involves renal pelvis, inflammation can depress vascular blood flow>infarct>failure
Glomerulonephritis- Upper respiratory infection “strep throat”
Rhabdomyolysis
the breakdown of muscle fibers that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into the bloodstream. Myoglobin is harmful to the kidney and often causes kidney damage
Renal Failure -
90% Renal Loss, Uremia
