Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MHD Block 5 > Renal Pathology I-V > Flashcards

Renal Pathology I-V Flashcards

(101 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diagnosis of Tubulointerstitial nephritis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: T-lymphocytes, monocytes infiltrating interstitium; Lab findings: UA with elevated Cr, white cells, white cell casts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diagnosis of Rapidly progressive GN type III (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Crescents, no immune complex deposits (pauci-immune), no EM dense deposits, no anti GBM autoantibodies; Lab findings: ANCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Wilm’s tumor

A

Pediatric (most common kidney tumor in kids)

Mutations in WT1, WT2 triggers nephrogenesis

WAGR = Wilms, Aniridia, GU malformation, mental Retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Renal changes associated with benign hypertension, causes narrowing of vascular lumens, corticla atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

Childhood autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Sacular dilatations of the collecting tubules (oriented perpendicular to cortical surface) are seen on gross and histological sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

Diabetic nephropathy due to nonenzymatic glycosylation of the vascular basement membranes, hyaline arteriolosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Acute pyelonephritis

A

Sexually active young women present with sudden onset, costovertebral angle pain, fever, frequency/urgency, urosepsis; Bacterial infection (most common: E.Coli, Proteus, Klebsiella) or fungal/viral in immunocompromised. Any factor making the urinary tract a better environment for growth increases risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

Electron microscopy of PIGN showing subepithelial hump-like deposit which is made up of immune complex depositions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnosis of Acute tubular injury/ acute tubular necrosis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Tubular necrosis, cells slough off and cast in distal tubule; Lab findings: Renal failure, Dx usually from clinical presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

(Hint: patient has had renal transplant)

A

Viral interstitial nephritis

Can mimic rejection, occurs in immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

Thrombotic microangiopathy

Fibrin thrombi are seen in the glomeruli and small vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnosis of Membranoproliferative Glomerular nephritis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Lobular tufts, thick glomerular basement membrane with “tram track appearance,” subendothelial IgG and complement activation; Lab findings: Low complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Enlarged reniform shape skdiney with sponge-like appearance, saccular dilatiation of the collecting tubules; Lab findings: Ultrasound, can do genetic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnosis of Dense Deposit Disease (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Complement deposits, but no Ig deposits. Dense deposits within lamina densa on EM; Lab findings: Complement levels, molecular studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

IgA nephropathy

Mesangial proliferation due to deposits of IgA immune complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

AKI

Ischemic tubules show loss of polarity, eosinophilic degeneration with thinned epithelial lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diagnosis of Chronic pyelonephritis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Interstitial lymphocytes/glomerular periglomerular fibrosis and sclerosis, thyroidization of tubules; Lab findings: Routine UA, X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

(Glomerulus on left, alveoli on right)

A

Goodpasture syndrome

The IgG cross reactts with pulmonary basement membrane leading to RPGN with hematuria as well as hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diagnosis of Lupus (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Severe proliferative GN with necrosis and crescents. Abundant immune complex deposits; Lab findings: Autoantibodies: ANA’s, anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

Membranous nephropathy

EM shows subepithelial deposits within the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diagnosis of Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) (Labs, Histo, Pathology)

A

Histology/pathology findings: Segmental obliteration of capillaries within some glomeruli; Lab findings: Nephrotic syndrome, genetic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

Immunofluorescence shows glomerulus with “lumpy” pattern of IgG and Complement deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What disease process is pictured below?

A

RPGN type III with c-ANCA (left) and p-ANCA (right)

c-ANCA is seen in Wegener’s

p-ANCA is seen in Churg-Strauss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Acute postinfectious GN

A

Children 6-10y/o present with acute nephritic syndrome (rarer in adults) 1-4 weeks after GABHS infection, M protein generates antibody response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diagnosis of Thrombotic microangiopathies (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Widespread thrombosis in small vessels; Lab findings: Thrombocytopenia, schistocytes in peripheral blood smears
26
What disease process is pictured below?
Amyloidosis Congo red stain + with green birefringence in polarized light
27
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rapidly progressive GN type II
Children and young adults (10-40yo) present with Gross hematuria, oliguria Severe immune complex formation, necrosis and breaks in glomerular basement membrane
28
What disease process is pictured below?
Toxic ATI due to antifreeze poisoning Calcium oxalate crystals form in the tubules
29
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Renal cell carcinoma
75% of adult renal cancers present with Triad: costovertebral pain, mass, hematuria. Advanced stages associated with fever, malaise, weakness, weight loss, paraneoplastic syndromes, metastases; Mutation of VHL gene (tumor suppressor), allows tumor to adapt to tissue hypoxia (EPO, VEGF, PDGF expressed). Tumor originates from proximal tubular epithelium
30
What disease process is pictured below?
Focal Segmentas Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) Some segmental obliteration of glomerular capillaries are seen in some glomeruli on paraffin sections EM would show effacement of foot processes in ALL glomeruli
31
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Acute tubular injury/ acute tubular necrosis
Most common cause of acute renal failure present with Rapidly reduced renal function, oliguria, uremia, fluid overload, electrolyte abnormalities, acidosis; Tubular injury, disturbance in flow, reduced GFR, decreased O2/nutrient delivery, toxic injury
32
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Most often caused by drugs present with Nephritic syndrome, rash/fever/eosinophilia; 4 causes: infections, toxins, metabolic, neoplasms
33
What disease process is pictured below?
Oncocytoma Gross: mahagony brown kidney with central stellate scar
34
What disease process is pictured below?
Multiple myeloma Light chain casts are seen due to massive production of monoclonal light chains by malignant plasma cells These casts lead to renal failure
35
What disease process is pictured below?
RPGN type I: linear IF stain for IgG Entire length of glomerular basement membrane has IgG deposits
36
Diagnosis of Acute drug induced interstitial nephritis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Interstitial inflammation, abundant eosinophils and edema; Lab findings: Renal failure, blood/urine eosinophilia
37
Diagnosis of Oncocytoma (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Central stellate scar, mahogany brown colored kidney. Eosinophilic cytoplasm (H&E) and abundant mitochondria (EM); Lab findings: Radiology detects renal mass
38
What disease process is pictured below?
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Cytoplasm appears clear on histology Highly vascular
39
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Angiomyolipoma
Rare present with ; Tumor arising from epithelioid cells around kidney blood vessels
40
What disease process is pictured below? | (Hint: variant of a disease)
Collapsing variant of FSGS, associated with HIV
41
What disease process is pictured below?
Hereditary nephritis (Alports syndrome) EM shows splitting and lamination of the lamina densa in a "basket weave" pattern
42
What disease process is pictured below?
Papillary necrosis Analgesics, diabetes, sickle cell, obstruction, and TB can cause decreased blood flow to the already poorly perfused medulla, leading to ischemic changes and necrosis of the papillae
43
What disease process is pictured below?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis EM showing subendothelial deposits of IgG and complement forming the tram track appearance characteristic of MPGN
44
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Adult polycystic kidney disease
Common present with Asymptomatic or pain, colic, mass, hemorrhage, hematuria, progressive renal failure, polyuria, HRN, proteinuria; Autosomal dominant mutation (PKD1, PKD2) with high penetrance, polycystin gene mutation
45
Diagnosis of Papillary necrosis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Necrotic renal papillae visible grossly and microscopically; Lab findings: UA with renal papilla
46
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rapidly progressive GN type I
Young men present with Gross hematuria, oliguria, hemoptysis Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
47
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Minimal change disease
Children (2-6 y/o), rare in adults present with Edema (periorbital, generalized); Reversible podocyte injury due to cytokine production from immune depression, NSAIDS
48
Diagnosis of Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome) (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Normal appearing on histology, no immune complexes. EM: splitteing and layering of lamina densa; Lab findings: Hematuria, genetic testing for type IV collagen mutation
49
What disease process is pictured below?
Chronic pyelonephritis Interstitial lymphocytes Periglomerular fibrosis and sclerosis "Thyroidization" of dilated tubules
50
What disease process is pictured below?
Acute drug induced interstitial nephritis Abundant eosinophils are seen due to an IgE mediated response to a medication (Antibiotics, diuretics, NSAIDs)
51
What is the structure pictured below?
Red blood cell cast Negative impression ("cast"), molding of tubular lumen
52
What disease process is pictured below?
Minimal change disease Light microscopy (left) appears normal, but EM shows effacement of the epithelial cell foot processes
53
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS)
Adults (higher incidence in African Americans, Hispanics), rarer in children. Can also be secondary to HIV, parvovirus, heroin, sickle cell disease present with Nephrotic syndrome, reduced GFR, HTN, non-selective proteinuria; Irreversible podocyte injury
54
What disease process is pictured below?
Membranous nephropathy IF shows granular deposits of IgG and C3 on the basement membrane
55
What disease process is pictured below?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Silver stain shows "tram track" appearance due to subendothelial IgG and complement deposits
56
Diagnosis of Rapidly progressive GN type I (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Cresecents on stain, linear stain on IF from glomeruli and alveoli; Lab findings: Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in serum
57
Diagnosis of Minimal change disease (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Normal on LM, IF, effacement of foor processes seen on EM; Lab findings: Nephrotic syndrome
58
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
Children and young adults present with Recurrent hematuria 1-2 days after URT infection Mucosal infection, increased IgA production, immune complex deposition in mesangium
59
What disease process is pictured below?
Membranous nephropathy Spike and dome pattern on silver stain representing subepithelial deposits that interupt the basement membrane
60
What disease process is pictured below?
Atheromatous plaque containing cholesterol clefts These emboli can occude arteries within the kidney leading to pale infarct
61
Diagnosis of IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Mesangial proliferation, IgA immune complexes seen on IF, electron dense deposits on EM; Lab findings: Hematuria, normal complement levels
62
Diagnosis of Acute pyelonephritis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Acute inflammation with PMNs in the tubules and interstitium; Lab findings: CBC, UA, culture
63
What disease process is pictured below?
Actue pyelonephritis PMNs infiltrating (interstitial suppurative inflammation) with tubular necrosis
64
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Thrombotic microangiopathies
All ages present with Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure. Clinical overlap with HUS, TTP; Endothelial injury from HUS --\>uncontrolled complement activation, TTP, drug toxicities, malignant HTN, SLE
65
What disease process is pictured below?
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis caused by malignant hypertension
66
What disease process is pictured below?
Oncocytoma LM: Eosinophilic cytoplasm EM shows abundant mitochondria
67
What disease process is pictured below?
Dense deposit disease Caused by dysregulation of the complement cascade, dense deposits are seen in the lamina densa on EM
68
What disease process is pictured below?
NSAID induced interstitial nephritis Acute hypersensitivity produces nephrotic syndrome and renal failure
69
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Acute drug induced interstitial nephritis
All ages present with Rash, renal failure; IgE and T cell mediated immune reaction to drugs (synthetic antibiotics, diuretics, NSAIDs)
70
What disease process is pictured below?
Wilm's tumor Malignant blastema (small blue cells), tubules, stroma
71
What disease process is pictured below?
Chronic oxalate nephropathy Can be caused by bariatric surgery, hyperoxaluria, glycol intoxication
72
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Diabetic nephropathy
Associated with obesity, HTN, atherosclerosis present with Nephrotic syndrome; Nonenzymatic glycosylation of vascular basement membrane resulting in hyaline arteriosclerosis
73
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Chronic pyelonephritis
Adults: obstructive; Children: reflux nephropathy, HTN present with Pyuria/proteinuria, poluria, nocturia, contracted kidneys ; Usually bacterial infection causing gradual renal insufficiency
74
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Membranous nephropathy
adults 30-60y/o present with Edema (decreased oncotic P), thrombosis (loss of ATIII) , infections; Subepithelial immune complex formation due to autoimmune response against renal antigen
75
What disease process is pictured below?
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) Mesangial deposition of IgA
76
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Oncocytoma
5% of renal tumors present with ; Tumor arrising from distal nephron (intercalated cells of collecting duct)
77
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Amyloidosis
Patients present with Nephrotic syndrome, heart involvement, macroglossia, submandibular swelling, periorbital purpura, shoulder pad; Deposits of abnormally folded protein often associated with plasma cell dyscrasia/multiple myeloma
78
What disease process is pictured below?
Postinfectious glomerulonephritis Hypercellularity = endocapillary proliferation, obliterated capillaries, influx of PMNs
79
Diagnosis of Renal cell carcinoma (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: 75% have clear cytoplasm, highly vascular; Lab findings: Radiology
80
What disease process is pictured below?
Cystic renal dysplasia Gross image shows grape like appearance with multiple cysts. Histology shows persistence of immature elements from metanephric differentiation (cartilage, mesenchyme)
81
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Membranoproliferative Glomerular nephritis
Older children, adults present with Nephrotic syndrome and hematuria; Primary immune complex formation (increased monoclonal Ab production) with activation of classical complement pathway. Can be secondary to autoimmune disorders, hepatitis, endocarditis, infection
82
Diagnosis of Acute postinfectious GN (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Hypercellular, neutrophilic infiltration, immune complexes on IF and EM; Lab findings: Tea-colored/smoky urine, hematuria, ASO titer high, decreased complement
83
Diagnosis of Rapidly progressive GN type II (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Crescents, immune complexes (granular IF, dense deposits on EM); Lab findings: Decreased complement if postinfections, SLE. Normal complement if IgA
84
Diagnosis of Adult polycystic kidney disease (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Bilateral enlarged kidneys with massive cysts, functioning nephrons between cysts, hepatic cysts, berry aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse; Lab findings: Radiology to detect formation of cysts
85
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
CHILDREN. Rare. Onset before birth or early in life present with Kidney dysfunction, liver sometimes involved, respiratory distress, Potter syndrome (oligohydrominos); Mutation in PKHD1 gene encoding fibrocystin
86
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Dense Deposit Disease
Rare, older children present with Nephrotic syndrome and hematuria; Sustained activation of alternate pathway complement, not antibody mediated
87
What disease process is pictured below?
Angiomyolipoma Poorly formed vessels, smooth muscle, and fat Benign renal tumor
88
Diagnosis of Viral Interstitial nephritis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Immunostain for viral particles, infiltrate seen in kidney biopsy; Lab findings: PCR for virus
89
Diagnosis of Amyloidosis (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Amyloid deposits stain positive on Congo red, with apple green birefringence. Appear fibrillar on EM; Lab findings: N/A
90
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Papillary necrosis
present with severe kidney injury leading to ischemia of renal medulla; Analgesics, diabetes, sickle cell anemia, obstruction, TB can cause renal ischemia. Ischemia leads to papillary necrosis
91
Diagnosis of Wilm's tumor (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Primitive blastema (undifferentiated cells), abortive glomeruli/tubules/spindle cell stroma; Lab findings: Radiology
92
What disease process is pictured below?
Adult polycystic kidney disease Functional glomeruli can exist within the cysts, these gradually fail with time
93
Diagnosis of Angiomyolipoma (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Poorly formed vessels, smooth muscle, and fat in variable proportions; Lab findings: Radiology diagnoses
94
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)
5-20 y/o w/ sensory deficits, renal failure between 20-50 y/o present with Hearing, ocular abnormalities with isolated hematuria X-linked inheritance
95
Diagnosis of Diabetic nephropathy (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: Mesangial expansion (KW nodules), thickened basement membranes, glomerular sclerosis; Lab findings: N/A
96
What disease process is pictured below?
Mercury nephropathy demonstrating acidophilic intracellualr inclusions
97
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Viral Interstitial nephritis
Renal transplant patients, immunocomprimised present with Mimics renal transplant rejection; Polyoma virus causes nephropathy
98
What disease process is pictured below?
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis with glomerular crescent
99
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Lupus
Young women present with Multisystem disorder, renal involvement with nephritis, edema; Immune DNA-antiDNA complexes
100
Presentation, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rapidly progressive GN type III
Older patients \> 65 y/o present with Oliguria, hematuria, hemoptysis, shortness of breath. ELK: ENT/Lung/Kidney ANCA - causes neutrophil degranulation (cANCA for Wegners, pANCA for Churg-Strauss)
101
Diagnosis of Membranous nephropathy (Labs, Histo, Pathology)
Histology/pathology findings: No inflammation/ proliferation/thickening, granular IgG/C deposits, loss of foot processes; Lab findings: Albumin, Lipids, LDL, complement levels

MHD Block 5 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions