Renal Pathology

Question 1

Acute phelonephritis

Answer 1

Microbial infection of pelvis and calyces

Question 2

Chronic phylonephritis

Answer 2

Repeated attacks of infection 
Progressive loss of functioning tissue
Kidney stones
Obstructive uropathy or reflux
Frequently begins in childhood

Question 3

Renal abscess

Answer 3

A rare, but serious condition where plus develops inside the tissue of a kidney

Symptoms include:
Pyrexia
Chills
Abdominal pain 
Pain when passing urine 

Bacteria inside abscess can spread around body via blood.
Small abscesses are treated with an antibiotic drip
Larger ones are surgically drained

Question 4

Renal calculi

Answer 4

Caused by precipitation of normal urinary constituents (oxalates, phosphates, urates and uric acid)

May obstruct flow of urine causing renal failure

Infection can occur due to the build up of urine

Question 5

Stag horn calculus

Answer 5

One large stone filling the pelviccalyceal system

Causes stagnation of urine
Can cause permanent damage
Surgically removed

Question 6

Hydronephrosis

Answer 6

The swelling of a kidney due to the build up of urine. This happens when urine cannot drain out of the kidney, due to a blockage such as a a calculi

Symptoms:
Blood in urine
Infrequent urination
Painful urination